Pathogens And Disease

Question 1

Types of disease causing pathogens

Answer 1

Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
PROTISTS

Question 2

How can be pathogen be spread

Answer 2

Direct contact
Water or air
VECTORS (organisms that carry and pass on pathogen without getting disease)

Question 3

Measles

Answer 3

• VIRAL DISEASE
• symptoms are fever and red rash
• spread by breathing in droplets from sneezes and coughs
• can be fatal if complications

Question 4

HIV

Answer 4

• VIRAL DISEASE
• causes AIDS
• spread by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids (eg, drug users sharing needles)
• at first it causes a flu-like illness, if untreated, virus enters the lymph nodes and attacks body’s immune cells
• take antiviral drugs
• last stage is when the body’s immune system is damaged and cannot fight off any other infections

Question 5

TMV (tobacco mosaic virus)

Answer 5

• VIRAL DISEASE
• occurs in tobacco plants and tomatoes
• distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration reduces the chlorophyll content of leaves
• therefore affects Photosynthesis and plant growth

Question 6

Salmonella

Answer 6

• BACTERIAL DISEASE
• food poisoning
• bacteria are infested in food which may have not been cooked properly or in hygienic conditions
• bacteria secrete toxins, which cause fever, abdominal pain, cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
• chickens are vaccinated

Question 7

Gonorrhoea

Answer 7

• BACTERIAL DISEASE
• spread by sexual contact
• thick yellow or green discharge from vagina or penis when urinating
• used to be treated with penicillin but many resistant strains have now appeared
• use contraception!

Question 8

What are protists

Answer 8

-single called organisms, EUKARYOTE

Question 9

Malaria

Answer 9

• PROTISTS
• vector
• causes severe fever, which reoccurs and can be fatal
• stop being bitten, kill mosquitoes or use mosquito nets
• passed from person to person when they are bitten

Question 10

Rose black spot

Answer 10

• FUNGAL DISEASE
• spread when spores are carried from plant to plant by water or wind
• purple or black spots develop on leaves, which turn yellow and drop easily
• loss of leaves stops photosynthesis
• treated by using fungicides and removing and destroying affected leaves