PATHOGENESIS OF A NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY DISEASE Flashcards
A deficiency state due to
lack of calories and/or
one or more of the
essential nutrients
Undernutrition
The development of a disease and the chain of events leading to that disease.
Pathogenesis
The physiological state of an individual, which results from the
relationship between nutrient intake and requirements and from the body’s ability to digest, absorb and use these nutrients.
Nutritional Status
Indicates a bad nutritional status. Refers to all deviations from adequate nutrition, including undernutrition, overnutrition, and specific deficiencies (or excesses) of essential nutrients such as
vitamins and minerals.
Malnutrition
Refers to an excess of
one or more nutrient,
but usually due to an
excess of energy.
Overnutrition
Low weight for height
WASTING
Low height for age
STUNTING
Low weight for age
UNDERWEIGHT
Height for age
NORMAL
Also known as “hidden hunger”. Occurs when the quality of food people eat does not meet their nutrient requirements, so the food is deficient in
micronutrients such as the vitamins and minerals that they need
for their growth and development.
Micronutrient Deficiency
An excessive accumulation
of fat
Obesity
Body weight in excess of a particular and sometimes
used as an index of obesity
Overweight
Forms of Malnutrition: Caused by inability of the body to absorb certain nutrients or
result from a poor diet. Calcium-Vitamin D imbalance
Imbalance
Forms of Malnutrition: specific nutrient. Examples: Iron-deficiency Anemia, Vitamin A Deficiency, Iodine Deficiency Disorder
Specific Deficiency
Forms of Malnutrition: * Excessive intake of a specific nutrient. Avitaminosis A or Vitamin A
Toxicity
Related to current state
of nutrition, inadequate
nutrition leading to rapid weight loss or failure to gain weight normally.
Acute Malnutrition
related to past state of
nutrition. Inadequate nutrition over long period of time leading to failure of linear growth
Chronic Malnutrition
wasting
Acute
Malnutrition
stunting
Chronic
Malnutrition
Occurs when one or
more nutrients are
missing from the diet Energy from carbohydrate, fat, or protein. Essential amino acids or fatty acids. Vitamins or minerals
Primary Malnutrition
Occurs when the supply
of nutrients is adequate
but deficiencies arise
due to Malabsorption,
impaired nutrient use or
storage. Increased needs for nutrients
Secondary Malnutrition
Dietary inadequacy
Dietary
Decreased level in reserve tissue
store
Biochemical
Decreased level in body fluids
Biochemical
Decreased functional level in tissues
Biochemical/Anthropometric
Decreased activity of nutrientdependent enzyme or mRNA for some protein
Biochemical/ Molecular techniques
Functional change
Behavioral/ Physiological
Clinical symptoms
Clinical
Anatomical sign
Clinical
The feeling of discomfort from not
eating. Natural process
HUNGER
Suffering/death caused by hunger. Extreme form of malnutrition
STARVATION
