CLINICAL ASSESSMENT

Question 1

are defined as observations, made by a qualified examiner, of which the patient is usually unaware.

Answer 1

Signs

Question 2

are clinical manifestations reported by the patient.

Answer 2

Symptoms

Question 3

is predominantly a protein deficiency

Answer 3

Kwashiorkor

Question 4

is mainly an
energy deficiency

Answer 4

marasmus

Question 5

is characterized by alternating bands of depigmented and normal colored hair produced by alternating periods of poor and relatively good protein intake

Answer 5

Flag sign

Question 6

a failure to gain
weight and height at the expected rate, is the most common sign of malnutrition in children.

Answer 6

Growth failure

Question 7

remains one of the most severe and important nutritional deficiencies in the world today. Every age group is vulnerable.

Answer 7

Iron deficiency, and specifically iron deficiency anemia

Question 8

Subjects with severe anemia can usually be detected by clinical examination for significant

Answer 8

pallor of the eyelids, tongue, nail beds, and palms

Question 9

feeling mentally tired irritable, dizzy or losing concentration quickly

Answer 9

mental fatigue

Question 10

reduced physical capacity

Answer 10

shortness of breath

Question 11

is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children and increases the risk of disease and death from severe infections. In pregnant women causes night blindness and may increase the risk of maternal mortality.

Answer 11

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD)

Question 12

First sign of xerophthalmia; also referred to as nyctalopia
At daytime, reduced dark adaptation, frequent blinking, firm
closure of the eyes, photophobia, inability to look straight forward

Answer 12

Night blindness (XN)

Question 13

is a term used to describe eye changes when secretion normally present on
the surface of the conjunctiva

Answer 13

Xerophthalmia

Question 13

is the world’s most prevalent, yet easily preventable, cause of brain damage. Can lead to enlargement of the thyroid, hypothyroidism and to intellectual
disabilities in infants and children whose mothers were iodine deficient during pregnancy.

Answer 13

Iodine deficiency

Question 14

– symptoms include swelling of the neck, lassitude, and easy fatigability.

Answer 14

Goiter

Question 14

When thyroid hormone levels are too low, the body’s cells can’t get
enough thyroid hormone and the body’s processes start slowing down

Answer 14

Hypothyroidism

Question 14

– unreactive, unresponsive, disinterested, and inattentive to surroundings

Answer 14

apathy

Question 15

pronounced wasting of subcutaneous fat without edema; apathy
may be present; face and eyes of the child may appear unusually bright due to the
combination of wasting and prominence of the eyes

Answer 15

Clinical marasmus

Question 16

hyper responsive, excessive or overreaction to minor stimuli particularly manifest through crying or unusual indication of fear as a result of minor or relatively insignificant happenings

Answer 16

Irritability

Question 17

pitting edema on the pretibial region, underweight, undersize,
underdeveloped for age; muscular wasting may be present masked by edema; hair becomes thin; easily pluckable with flag sign, and change in texture to silken, sparse hair

Answer 17

Kwashiorkor

Question 18

paleness and loss of color of skin, nail buds, mucosa, and lips

Answer 18

pallor

Question 19

– an underweight, undersized, underdeveloped child, without the evident pronounced wasting present in marasmus

Answer 19

Pre-kwashiorkor

Question 20

– presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the
intercellular tissue spaces of the body

Answer 20

Dependent edema

Question 20

– symmetrical lesions typical of acute or chronic, mild or sever
pellagra; lesions are red, often swollen or blistered skin like sunburn, pigmented,
scaly over exposed areas

Answer 20

Pellagrous dermatitis

Question 20

an outward curve of one or both legs at or below the knee

Answer 20

Bowleg

Question 21

– a clinical term used to describe a dry and crinkled skin which is
accentuated by punching the skin parallel to its surface

Answer 21

Xerosis

Question 22

exhibited by unusual prominence of bony skeleton, undue degree
of folding of the skin of the buttocks, or the abnormal flabby feel of the child with poor
muscle tone

Answer 22

Muscle wasting