BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT Flashcards
sometimes referred to as direct test, are based on measurement of a nutrient or its metabolite in the blood, urine, or body tissue—for example, serum measurements of folate, retinol, vitamin B 12, vitamin D.
Static Tests
also known as indirect test, are based on the ultimate outcome
of a nutrient deficiency which is the failure of the physiologic processes that rely on that nutrient for
optimal performance.
Functional Tests
It is the difference between nitrogen intake and the amount
excreted from the body in urine and feces or lost in miscellaneous ways such as the sloughing of skin cells
and blood loss.
Nitrogen Balance
occurs when nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen loss and is seen in periods of anabolism, such as childhood or recovery from trauma,
surgery, or illness.
Positive nitrogen balance
occurs when nitrogen losses exceed nitrogen
intake and can result from insufficient protein intake, catabolic states (for example, sepsis,
trauma, surgery, and cancer)
Negative
nitrogen balance
can be useful in determining whether a patient is at risk of
experiencing medical complications, and for evaluating a patient’s response to nutritional support.
Serum Protein
refers to abnormally small, normal-colored red blood cells
Microcytic
is a hemoglobin level belowthe normal reference range for individuals of the
same sex and age
Anemia
describes unusually large, normal-colored red blood cells
Macrocytic
cells are those with abnormally low levels of hemoglobin
Hypochromic
can be useful in determining whether a patient is at risk of
experiencing medical complications, and for evaluating a patient’s response to nutritional support.
Serum Protein
is a hemoglobin level below the normal reference range for individuals of the
same sex and age
Anemia
The only iron status index that can reflect deficiencies, excess, and normal iron status.
Serum ferritin
is a precursor of heme and occurs in erythrocytes in
very low concentrations.
Protoporphyrin
Vitamin A status can be grouped into five categories
deficient, marginal, adequate,
excessive, and toxic
A test used in the estimation of liver stores of Vitamin A and can be used to identify those individuals with marginal vitamin A deficiency
Relative Dose Response
A noninvasive, indirect approach to
measuring total body stores of vitamin A is
retinol isotope dilution
is best assessed by measuring the serum concentration of 25-
hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the major circulating form of the vitamin, which
reflects total vitamin D exposure from food, supplements, and synthesis.
Vitamin D Status
is an indirect measure of vitamin D status.
Activity increases in osteomalacia in adults and childhood rickets
Serum alkaline phosphatase activity
Total serum calcium
is useful for identifying possible cases of vitamin D intoxication
Calcium and phosphorus concentration in serum and urine
is the most frequently used index of vitamin E;
a ratio of 0.6 mg total tocopherol per gram of total serum lipids indicates adequate
vitamin E status
Serum tocopherol concentrations
is an analysis of liver biopsy or adipose tissue
samples. This method is a useful index of body stores of vitamin E and thus, longterm vitamin E status.
Tissue tocopherol concentration
is the most frequently used and practical index
of vitamin C status. Not used to identify persons regularly consuming low ascorbic acid intakes. But it reflects body ascorbic acid content.
Serum ascorbic acid concentrations
is a useful and sensitive measure of impaired riboflavin status
Erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient
reflects recent dietary intake rather than body stores.
Urinary riboflavin excretion
reflect folate balance, fluctuate rapidly with recent changes in folate
intake, and provide no information on the size of tissue folate stores
Serum folate levels
is estimated by measuring erythrocyte
concentration which fall in subjects in persistent negative folate balance.
Erythrocyte folate concentrations
Vitamin B12 deficiency due to poor dietary intake is relatively rare
Vitamin B12 Status
is often used to ascertain whether malabsorption is the cause of the deficiency.
Schilling test
The best-defined function of vitamin A is its role in the visual process
Rapid Dark Adaptation Test
