BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT

Question 1

sometimes referred to as direct test, are based on measurement of a nutrient or its metabolite in the blood, urine, or body tissue—for example, serum measurements of folate, retinol, vitamin B 12, vitamin D.

Answer 1

Static Tests

Question 2

also known as indirect test, are based on the ultimate outcome
of a nutrient deficiency which is the failure of the physiologic processes that rely on that nutrient for
optimal performance.

Answer 2

Functional Tests

Question 3

It is the difference between nitrogen intake and the amount
excreted from the body in urine and feces or lost in miscellaneous ways such as the sloughing of skin cells
and blood loss.

Answer 3

Nitrogen Balance

Question 4

occurs when nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen loss and is seen in periods of anabolism, such as childhood or recovery from trauma,
surgery, or illness.

Answer 4

Positive nitrogen balance

Question 5

occurs when nitrogen losses exceed nitrogen
intake and can result from insufficient protein intake, catabolic states (for example, sepsis,
trauma, surgery, and cancer)

Answer 5

Negative
nitrogen balance

Question 6

can be useful in determining whether a patient is at risk of
experiencing medical complications, and for evaluating a patient’s response to nutritional support.

Answer 6

Serum Protein

Question 7

refers to abnormally small, normal-colored red blood cells

Answer 7

Microcytic

Question 8

is a hemoglobin level belowthe normal reference range for individuals of the
same sex and age

Answer 8

Anemia

Question 9

describes unusually large, normal-colored red blood cells

Answer 9

Macrocytic

Question 10

cells are those with abnormally low levels of hemoglobin

Answer 10

Hypochromic

Question 11

can be useful in determining whether a patient is at risk of
experiencing medical complications, and for evaluating a patient’s response to nutritional support.

Answer 11

Serum Protein

Question 12

is a hemoglobin level below the normal reference range for individuals of the
same sex and age

Answer 12

Anemia

Question 13

The only iron status index that can reflect deficiencies, excess, and normal iron status.

Answer 13

Serum ferritin

Question 14

is a precursor of heme and occurs in erythrocytes in
very low concentrations.

Answer 14

Protoporphyrin

Question 15

Vitamin A status can be grouped into five categories

Answer 15

deficient, marginal, adequate,
excessive, and toxic

Question 16

A test used in the estimation of liver stores of Vitamin A and can be used to identify those individuals with marginal vitamin A deficiency

Answer 16

Relative Dose Response

Question 17

A noninvasive, indirect approach to
measuring total body stores of vitamin A is

Answer 17

retinol isotope dilution

Question 18

is best assessed by measuring the serum concentration of 25-
hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the major circulating form of the vitamin, which
reflects total vitamin D exposure from food, supplements, and synthesis.

Answer 18

Vitamin D Status

Question 18

is an indirect measure of vitamin D status.
Activity increases in osteomalacia in adults and childhood rickets

Answer 18

Serum alkaline phosphatase activity

Question 18

Total serum calcium
is useful for identifying possible cases of vitamin D intoxication

Answer 18

Calcium and phosphorus concentration in serum and urine

Question 19

is the most frequently used index of vitamin E;
a ratio of 0.6 mg total tocopherol per gram of total serum lipids indicates adequate
vitamin E status

Answer 19

Serum tocopherol concentrations

Question 20

is an analysis of liver biopsy or adipose tissue
samples. This method is a useful index of body stores of vitamin E and thus, longterm vitamin E status.

Answer 20

Tissue tocopherol concentration

Question 21

is the most frequently used and practical index
of vitamin C status. Not used to identify persons regularly consuming low ascorbic acid intakes. But it reflects body ascorbic acid content.

Answer 21

Serum ascorbic acid concentrations

Question 22

is a useful and sensitive measure of impaired riboflavin status

Answer 22

Erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient

Question 23

reflects recent dietary intake rather than body stores.

Answer 23

Urinary riboflavin excretion

Question 24

reflect folate balance, fluctuate rapidly with recent changes in folate
intake, and provide no information on the size of tissue folate stores

Answer 24

Serum folate levels

Question 25

is estimated by measuring erythrocyte
concentration which fall in subjects in persistent negative folate balance.

Answer 25

Erythrocyte folate concentrations

Question 26

Vitamin B12 deficiency due to poor dietary intake is relatively rare

Answer 26

Vitamin B12 Status

Question 27

is often used to ascertain whether malabsorption is the cause of the deficiency.

Answer 27

Schilling test

Question 28

The best-defined function of vitamin A is its role in the visual process

Answer 28

Rapid Dark Adaptation Test