PATHO - MIDTERM L4 (Circulatory System) Flashcards
High blood pressure that can lead to heart disease
Hypertension
Narrowing or skipping of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis
Coronary Artery Disease
The heart’s inability to pump effectively
Heart Failure
Pertains to abnormal heart rhythm
Arrhythmias
Fast heart beat
Tachycardia
Slow heart beat
Bradycardia
A congenital cardiovascular condition wherein there is malfunction of heart valves
Valvular Heart Disease
Ultrasound used to visualize heart structure and function
Echocardiography (2D Echo)
It measures electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram
The facility where treatment for heart problems or blood vessels are performed
Catheterization Laboratory (CAT Lab)
Characterized as a hole in the septum that separates the two upper chambers of the heart; allowing blood to flow between the left and right atria and increases blood flow to the lungs
Atrial Septal Defect
Characterized as a hole in the septum that separates the two lower chambers of the heart; permitting oxygen-rich blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle
Ventricular Septal Defect
Complex congenital heart defect that comprises four specific abnormalities
Tetralogy of Fallot
Pertains to a hole in the lower chamber of the heart
Ventral Septal Defect
Narrowing of the outflow tract of blood from the right ventricle
Pulmonary Stenosis
The aorta is positioned above both ventricles
Overriding Aorta
Thickening of the right ventricle that leads to reduced blood flow to the lungs and oxygen-poor blood being circulated to the body
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy manifests a _____-like appearance of the heart radiographically.
Boot / Shoe
Narrowing of the aorta just after the left subclavian artery that can restrict blood flow and lead to high-blood pressure before the constriction reduced blood flow beyond it.
Coarctation of the Aorta
The blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and the aorta
Ductus Arteriosus
Failure of ductus arteriosus to close after birth
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Narrowing of the pulmonary valve obstructing blood flow from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary Stenosis
Surgical repair for Pulmonary Stenosis
Balloon Valvuloplasty
Narrowing of the aortic valve that can lead to blood flow obstruction from the left ventricle to the aorta; eventually increasing pressure
Aortic Stenosis
Rare congenital heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve, causing it to be malformed and positioned lower than normal in the right ventricle
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Backward flow of blood that results in heart enlargement and arrhythmias
Tricuspid Regurgitation
The positions of the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the ventricles, that impedes blood flow and affects the heart’s ability to pump effectively
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)