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RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY > PATHO - MIDTERM L4 (Circulatory System) > Flashcards

PATHO - MIDTERM L4 (Circulatory System) Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

High blood pressure that can lead to heart disease

A

Hypertension

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2
Q

Narrowing or skipping of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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3
Q

The heart’s inability to pump effectively

A

Heart Failure

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4
Q

Pertains to abnormal heart rhythm

A

Arrhythmias

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5
Q

Fast heart beat

A

Tachycardia

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6
Q

Slow heart beat

A

Bradycardia

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7
Q

A congenital cardiovascular condition wherein there is malfunction of heart valves

A

Valvular Heart Disease

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8
Q

Ultrasound used to visualize heart structure and function

A

Echocardiography (2D Echo)

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9
Q

It measures electrical activity of the heart

A

Electrocardiogram

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10
Q

The facility where treatment for heart problems or blood vessels are performed

A

Catheterization Laboratory (CAT Lab)

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11
Q

Characterized as a hole in the septum that separates the two upper chambers of the heart; allowing blood to flow between the left and right atria and increases blood flow to the lungs

A

Atrial Septal Defect

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12
Q

Characterized as a hole in the septum that separates the two lower chambers of the heart; permitting oxygen-rich blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

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13
Q

Complex congenital heart defect that comprises four specific abnormalities

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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14
Q

Pertains to a hole in the lower chamber of the heart

A

Ventral Septal Defect

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15
Q

Narrowing of the outflow tract of blood from the right ventricle

A

Pulmonary Stenosis

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16
Q

The aorta is positioned above both ventricles

A

Overriding Aorta

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17
Q

Thickening of the right ventricle that leads to reduced blood flow to the lungs and oxygen-poor blood being circulated to the body

A

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

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18
Q

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy manifests a _____-like appearance of the heart radiographically.

A

Boot / Shoe

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19
Q

Narrowing of the aorta just after the left subclavian artery that can restrict blood flow and lead to high-blood pressure before the constriction reduced blood flow beyond it.

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

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20
Q

The blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and the aorta

A

Ductus Arteriosus

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21
Q

Failure of ductus arteriosus to close after birth

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

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22
Q

Narrowing of the pulmonary valve obstructing blood flow from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary Stenosis

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23
Q

Surgical repair for Pulmonary Stenosis

A

Balloon Valvuloplasty

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24
Q

Narrowing of the aortic valve that can lead to blood flow obstruction from the left ventricle to the aorta; eventually increasing pressure

A

Aortic Stenosis

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25
Rare congenital heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve, causing it to be malformed and positioned lower than normal in the right ventricle
Ebstein's Anomaly
26
Backward flow of blood that results in heart enlargement and arrhythmias
Tricuspid Regurgitation
27
The positions of the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched
Transposition of the Great Arteries
28
Abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the ventricles, that impedes blood flow and affects the heart's ability to pump effectively
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
29
What hereditary disease pattern does HCM follow ?
Autosomal Dominant Pattern
30
Localized dilation or bulging of the aorta
Aortic Aneurysm
31
The topmost cause of Aortic Aneurysm
High Blood Pressure
32
Narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to buildup of plaque on the arterial walls
Coronary Artery Disease
33
Other term for chest pain
Angina
34
Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, usually due to CAD, specifically spasm of the coronary artery
Ischemic Heart Disease
35
Inability of the heart to pump effectively as a result of damage to the heart muscle
Heart Failure to Myocardial Degeneration
36
Progressive disease of the heart muscle that impairs the heart's ability to pump blood
Degenerative Cardiomyopathy
37
Acute inflammatory condition that primarily affects children and can lead to vasculitis
Kawasaki Disease
38
Condition resulting from rheumatic fever damaging the heart valves leading to stenosis or regurgitation
Rheumatic Heart Disease
39
Inflammation of the aorta caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or inflammatory conditions such as giant cell arteritis
Aortitis
40
Inflammation of the heart associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease
Lupus Carditis
41
Involves the formation of granulomas in the cardiac tissue, which can disrupt normal heart function and lead to arrhythmias
Cardiac Sarcoidosis
42
Bruise of the heart muscle caused by blunt force trauma to the chest
Cardiac Contusion
43
Accumulation of blood in the pericardial sac surround the heart leading to increased pressure on the heart and impair its ability to pump effectively
Hemopericardium
44
Urgent drainage of fluids in the pericardial sock
Pericardiocentesis
45
Damaged coronary artery which may break due to severe atherosclerosis and lead to significant bleeding
Ruptured Coronary Artery
46
Fluid or blood accumulation in the pericardial space that hinders the ability of the heart to fill and pump effectively
Cardiac Tamponade
47
Injury sustained by the heart as a result of broken rib bones, typically from blunt trauma
Fracture Rib causing Cardiac Injury
48
Pertains to the bruise on the heart
Cardiac Contusion
49
Abnormal growths within the heart
Cardiac Tumors
50
Complete the ff: Benign = _______ Malignant = ______
Benign = MYXOMA Malignant = SARCOMAS
51
Tumors that occur in the fibrous sac surrounding the heart
Pericardial Tumors
52
A form of cancer where the lymphatic tissue can infiltrate cardiac tissue or pericardium; typically observed in HIV / AIDS patients
Lymphoma Involvement of the Heart
53
Secondary tumors that spread to the heart from other primary cancers
Metastatic Disease to the Heart
54
Tumors affecting blood vessels
Vascular Tumors
55
Complete the ff: * Vascular Tumors Benign = _______ Malignant = ________
Benign = HEMANGIOMA Malignant = ANGIOSARCOMAS
56
Body system very essential to primarily transport nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body and carry deoxygenated blood back to the lungs
Cardiovascular System
57
Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Heart
58
Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart towards tissues
Arteries
59
The largest artery is called _________
Aorta
60
Returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Veins
61
Components of the veins that prevent backflow
Valves
62
Tiny vessels of the heart where gas exchange occurs
Capillaries
63
The blood is composed of two cells, namely _______ for carrying oxygen and _______ as part of the immune system as an identifier of infections
1. Red Blood Cells 2. White Blood Cells
64
Liquid component of blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and wastes of the body
Plasma
65
Circulation depicting oxygenated blood passage from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body and back as deoxygenated to the right side of the heart
Pulmonary Circulation
66
Deoxygenated blood comes from the right side of the heart and into the lungs
Systemic Circulation
67
Function of the Cardiovascular system covering the delivery of oxygen and nutrients
Transportation
68
The cardiovascular system helps balance temperature, pH levels, and fluid
Regulation
69
The immune components in the blood defend against pathogens and foreign substances
Protection
70
Enumerate the four (4) chambers of the heart:
1. Right Atrium 2. Right Ventricle 3. Left Atrium 4. Left Ventricle

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY (8 decks)

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