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PATHO - MIDTERM L4 (Circulatory System) Flashcards

1
Q

High blood pressure that can lead to heart disease

A

Hypertension

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2
Q

Narrowing or skipping of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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3
Q

The heart’s inability to pump effectively

A

Heart Failure

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4
Q

Pertains to abnormal heart rhythm

A

Arrhythmias

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5
Q

Fast heart beat

A

Tachycardia

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6
Q

Slow heart beat

A

Bradycardia

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7
Q

A congenital cardiovascular condition wherein there is malfunction of heart valves

A

Valvular Heart Disease

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8
Q

Ultrasound used to visualize heart structure and function

A

Echocardiography (2D Echo)

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9
Q

It measures electrical activity of the heart

A

Electrocardiogram

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10
Q

The facility where treatment for heart problems or blood vessels are performed

A

Catheterization Laboratory (CAT Lab)

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11
Q

Characterized as a hole in the septum that separates the two upper chambers of the heart; allowing blood to flow between the left and right atria and increases blood flow to the lungs

A

Atrial Septal Defect

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12
Q

Characterized as a hole in the septum that separates the two lower chambers of the heart; permitting oxygen-rich blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

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13
Q

Complex congenital heart defect that comprises four specific abnormalities

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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14
Q

Pertains to a hole in the lower chamber of the heart

A

Ventral Septal Defect

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15
Q

Narrowing of the outflow tract of blood from the right ventricle

A

Pulmonary Stenosis

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16
Q

The aorta is positioned above both ventricles

A

Overriding Aorta

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17
Q

Thickening of the right ventricle that leads to reduced blood flow to the lungs and oxygen-poor blood being circulated to the body

A

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

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18
Q

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy manifests a _____-like appearance of the heart radiographically.

A

Boot / Shoe

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19
Q

Narrowing of the aorta just after the left subclavian artery that can restrict blood flow and lead to high-blood pressure before the constriction reduced blood flow beyond it.

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

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20
Q

The blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and the aorta

A

Ductus Arteriosus

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21
Q

Failure of ductus arteriosus to close after birth

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

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22
Q

Narrowing of the pulmonary valve obstructing blood flow from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary Stenosis

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23
Q

Surgical repair for Pulmonary Stenosis

A

Balloon Valvuloplasty

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24
Q

Narrowing of the aortic valve that can lead to blood flow obstruction from the left ventricle to the aorta; eventually increasing pressure

A

Aortic Stenosis

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25
Q

Rare congenital heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve, causing it to be malformed and positioned lower than normal in the right ventricle

A

Ebstein’s Anomaly

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26
Q

Backward flow of blood that results in heart enlargement and arrhythmias

A

Tricuspid Regurgitation

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27
Q

The positions of the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

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28
Q

Abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the ventricles, that impedes blood flow and affects the heart’s ability to pump effectively

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

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29
Q

What hereditary disease pattern does HCM follow ?

A

Autosomal Dominant Pattern

30
Q

Localized dilation or bulging of the aorta

A

Aortic Aneurysm

31
Q

The topmost cause of Aortic Aneurysm

A

High Blood Pressure

32
Q

Narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to buildup of plaque on the arterial walls

A

Coronary Artery Disease

33
Q

Other term for chest pain

34
Q

Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, usually due to CAD, specifically spasm of the coronary artery

A

Ischemic Heart Disease

35
Q

Inability of the heart to pump effectively as a result of damage to the heart muscle

A

Heart Failure to Myocardial Degeneration

36
Q

Progressive disease of the heart muscle that impairs the heart’s ability to pump blood

A

Degenerative Cardiomyopathy

37
Q

Acute inflammatory condition that primarily affects children and can lead to vasculitis

A

Kawasaki Disease

38
Q

Condition resulting from rheumatic fever damaging the heart valves leading to stenosis or regurgitation

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

39
Q

Inflammation of the aorta caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or inflammatory conditions such as giant cell arteritis

40
Q

Inflammation of the heart associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease

A

Lupus Carditis

41
Q

Involves the formation of granulomas in the cardiac tissue, which can disrupt normal heart function and lead to arrhythmias

A

Cardiac Sarcoidosis

42
Q

Bruise of the heart muscle caused by blunt force trauma to the chest

A

Cardiac Contusion

43
Q

Accumulation of blood in the pericardial sac surround the heart leading to increased pressure on the heart and impair its ability to pump effectively

A

Hemopericardium

44
Q

Urgent drainage of fluids in the pericardial sock

A

Pericardiocentesis

45
Q

Damaged coronary artery which may break due to severe atherosclerosis and lead to significant bleeding

A

Ruptured Coronary Artery

46
Q

Fluid or blood accumulation in the pericardial space that hinders the ability of the heart to fill and pump effectively

A

Cardiac Tamponade

47
Q

Injury sustained by the heart as a result of broken rib bones, typically from blunt trauma

A

Fracture Rib causing Cardiac Injury

48
Q

Pertains to the bruise on the heart

A

Cardiac Contusion

49
Q

Abnormal growths within the heart

A

Cardiac Tumors

50
Q

Complete the ff:

Benign = _______
Malignant = ______

A

Benign = MYXOMA
Malignant = SARCOMAS

51
Q

Tumors that occur in the fibrous sac surrounding the heart

A

Pericardial Tumors

52
Q

A form of cancer where the lymphatic tissue can infiltrate cardiac tissue or pericardium; typically observed in HIV / AIDS patients

A

Lymphoma Involvement of the Heart

53
Q

Secondary tumors that spread to the heart from other primary cancers

A

Metastatic Disease to the Heart

54
Q

Tumors affecting blood vessels

A

Vascular Tumors

55
Q

Complete the ff:

  • Vascular Tumors

Benign = _______
Malignant = ________

A

Benign = HEMANGIOMA

Malignant = ANGIOSARCOMAS

56
Q

Body system very essential to primarily transport nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body and carry deoxygenated blood back to the lungs

A

Cardiovascular System

57
Q

Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

58
Q

Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart towards tissues

59
Q

The largest artery is called _________

60
Q

Returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart

61
Q

Components of the veins that prevent backflow

62
Q

Tiny vessels of the heart where gas exchange occurs

A

Capillaries

63
Q

The blood is composed of two cells, namely _______ for carrying oxygen and _______ as part of the immune system as an identifier of infections

A
  1. Red Blood Cells
  2. White Blood Cells
64
Q

Liquid component of blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and wastes of the body

65
Q

Circulation depicting oxygenated blood passage from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body and back as deoxygenated to the right side of the heart

A

Pulmonary Circulation

66
Q

Deoxygenated blood comes from the right side of the heart and into the lungs

A

Systemic Circulation

67
Q

Function of the Cardiovascular system covering the delivery of oxygen and nutrients

A

Transportation

68
Q

The cardiovascular system helps balance temperature, pH levels, and fluid

A

Regulation

69
Q

The immune components in the blood defend against pathogens and foreign substances

A

Protection

70
Q

Enumerate the four (4) chambers of the heart:

A
  1. Right Atrium
  2. Right Ventricle
  3. Left Atrium
  4. Left Ventricle

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY (8 decks)

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