PATHO - FINALS L2 (Urinary System) Flashcards
A relatively rare anomaly that demonstrates as the absence of kidney on one side with an unusually large kidney on the other side
Renal Agenesis
The unusually large kidney on the other side is known as _____
Compensatory Hypertrophy
The _____ kidney is more frequently missing and it is more common among _____
- Left
- Males
Consists of the presence of a third, small rudimentary kidney that has no parenchymal attachment to a kidney, often becoming symptomatic as a result of an infection
Supernurmerary Kidney
Rare anomaly of kidney size involving a kidney that is developed less than normal, usually associated with hyperplasia of the other kidney
Renal Hypoplasia
The lower poles of the kidneys are joined across midline by a band of soft tissues, causing a rotation on one or both sides
Horseshoe Kidney
Consists of incomplete or excessive rotation of the kidney as they ascend from the pelvis in utero
Malrotation
A kidney out of its normal position, usually lower than the normal often in a pelvic or sacral location
Ectopic Kidney
Frequent condition that impairs renal drainage, predisposing the patient to infection and formation of calculi.
Double Renal Pelvis and Double Ureter
Cyst-like dilations of a ureter near its opening into the bladder and usually result from stenosis of the ureteral orifice
Ureteroceles
Ureteroceles is radiographically presented with a filling detect in the bladder with a characteristic ________ appearance
Cobra Head
Congenital anomaly representing a dilated, branched ureteric remnant
Urethral Diverticula
Urethral Diverticula is best demonstrated with ________
Retrograde Urography
May occur as a congenital anomaly or be caused by chronic bladder obstruction and resultant infection occurring in middle-aged men.
Bladder Diverticula
Acute bacterial infection of the calyces and renal pelvis among pregnant women due to increased size of the uterus and decreased urine clearance of bacteria; representing the most common renal disease
Pyelonephritis
An antigen antibody reaction in the glomeruli causing inflammation of the renal parenchyma
Glomerulonephritis
The kidneys radiographically appear larger in Glomerulonephritis because of ________
Edematous Accumulation
Inflammation of the bladder, fairly common infection caused by a bacteria, cystographically demonstrating the presence of reflux as well as a roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall
Cystitis
Roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall is called _______
Bladder Trabeculae
Intimal thickening of the small vessels of the kidney that serves as a part of the normal aging process in association with hypertension and diabetes
Nephrosclerosis
Disturbances of calcium metabolism that results in hyperthyroidism and is characterized by tiny deposits of calcium dispersed throughout the renal parenchyma.
Nephrocalcinosis
End result of a chronic process that gradually results in lost kidney function
Renal Failure
A characteristic of renal failure and consists of retention of urea in blood
Uremia
An obstructive disease that causes a dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine, commonly caused by calculus
Hydronephrosis
Acquired disease abnormally common in adults that is asymptomatic and not an impairment to renal function, but may cause symptoms from rupture, hemorrhage, infection obstruction
Renal Cyst
Most common malignant tumor of the kidney
Adenocarcinoma (Hypernephroma)
Has unknown etiology but is generally characterized as chronic inflammation due to obstructions from cigarette smoking and other agents
Renal Cell Carcinoma
A malignant tumor commonly encountered by children characterized by a large, palpable abdominal mass, showing an enlarged kidney
Nephroblastoma
Nephroblastoma is also known as ______
Wilm’s Tumor
A chief symptom of Bladder Carcinoma identified as the presence of blood in the urine
Hematuria
Cancer that is common in men than in women after 50 years of age related to cigarette smoking, industrical chemicals, and excessive coffee drinking
Bladder Carcinoma
Responsible for producing, storing, and eliminating the body’s fluid waste excreted by the kidneys
Urinary System
This is a pair of organs located below the ribs towards the middle of the back that makes urine by filtering wastes and extra water from blood
Kidneys
Color of kidneys
Purplish-Brown
The functions of the kidneys include:
- Remove Waste Products and Medicines from the Body
- Balance the Body’s Fluids
- Balance a Variety of Electrolytes
- Release Hormones to Control Blood Pressure
- Release a Hormone to Control Red Blood Cell Production
- Help with Bone Health by Controlling Calcium and Phosphorus
A triangle-shaped hollow organ held in place at the lower belly by ligaments which contracts and flattens to empty urine through the urethra
Bladder
The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to ______ cups of urine for _______ hours
- 2 Cups
- 2-5 Hours
Circular muscles that help keep urine from leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder
Two Sphincter Muscles
Alert a person when it is time to urinate or empty the bladder
Nerves in the Bladder
Tube that allows urine to pass outside the body
Urethra
Narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Ureters
Small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters for about _____ to _____ seconds
10 to 15 Seconds
Tiny filtering units of the kidneys that remove urea from the blood
Nephrons
Medical professional responsible for the treatment of pathologies involving the renal / urinary system
Urologist
Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries that are called _____ and a small tube called _____
- Glomerulus
- Renal Tubule
Forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney
Urea
Fill up the following Urine identification with their missing colors:
- ________ = Normal, Healthy Urine
- _________ = More Water / Colored Drinks
- _________ = Liver Problem
- ___________ = Blood in the Urine
- Pale Straw / Clear Yellow Color
- Darker Yellow / Honey-Colored
- Darker, Brownish Color
- Pinkish or Red
Urination is also termed as _______
Micturation
TRUE OR FALSE
Supernurmerary Kidney is ASYMPTOMATIC
TRUE
Horseshoe Kidney is identified to have the kidneys interconnected by a band called as _____
Isthmus
