PATHO - FINALS L2 (Urinary System)

Question 1

A relatively rare anomaly that demonstrates as the absence of kidney on one side with an unusually large kidney on the other side

Answer 1

Renal Agenesis

Question 2

The unusually large kidney on the other side is known as _____

Answer 2

Compensatory Hypertrophy

Question 3

The _____ kidney is more frequently missing and it is more common among _____

Answer 3

1. Left
2. Males

Question 3

Consists of the presence of a third, small rudimentary kidney that has no parenchymal attachment to a kidney, often becoming symptomatic as a result of an infection

Answer 3

Supernurmerary Kidney

Question 4

Rare anomaly of kidney size involving a kidney that is developed less than normal, usually associated with hyperplasia of the other kidney

Answer 4

Renal Hypoplasia

Question 5

The lower poles of the kidneys are joined across midline by a band of soft tissues, causing a rotation on one or both sides

Answer 5

Horseshoe Kidney

Question 6

Consists of incomplete or excessive rotation of the kidney as they ascend from the pelvis in utero

Answer 6

Malrotation

Question 7

A kidney out of its normal position, usually lower than the normal often in a pelvic or sacral location

Answer 7

Ectopic Kidney

Question 8

Frequent condition that impairs renal drainage, predisposing the patient to infection and formation of calculi.

Answer 8

Double Renal Pelvis and Double Ureter

Question 9

Cyst-like dilations of a ureter near its opening into the bladder and usually result from stenosis of the ureteral orifice

Answer 9

Ureteroceles

Question 10

Ureteroceles is radiographically presented with a filling detect in the bladder with a characteristic ________ appearance

Answer 10

Cobra Head

Question 11

Congenital anomaly representing a dilated, branched ureteric remnant

Answer 11

Urethral Diverticula

Question 12

Urethral Diverticula is best demonstrated with ________

Answer 12

Retrograde Urography

Question 13

May occur as a congenital anomaly or be caused by chronic bladder obstruction and resultant infection occurring in middle-aged men.

Answer 13

Bladder Diverticula

Question 14

Acute bacterial infection of the calyces and renal pelvis among pregnant women due to increased size of the uterus and decreased urine clearance of bacteria; representing the most common renal disease

Answer 14

Pyelonephritis

Question 15

An antigen antibody reaction in the glomeruli causing inflammation of the renal parenchyma

Answer 15

Glomerulonephritis

Question 16

The kidneys radiographically appear larger in Glomerulonephritis because of ________

Answer 16

Edematous Accumulation

Question 17

Inflammation of the bladder, fairly common infection caused by a bacteria, cystographically demonstrating the presence of reflux as well as a roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall

Answer 17

Cystitis

Question 18

Roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall is called _______

Answer 18

Bladder Trabeculae

Question 19

Intimal thickening of the small vessels of the kidney that serves as a part of the normal aging process in association with hypertension and diabetes

Answer 19

Nephrosclerosis

Question 20

Disturbances of calcium metabolism that results in hyperthyroidism and is characterized by tiny deposits of calcium dispersed throughout the renal parenchyma.

Answer 20

Nephrocalcinosis

Question 21

End result of a chronic process that gradually results in lost kidney function

Answer 21

Renal Failure

Question 22

A characteristic of renal failure and consists of retention of urea in blood

Answer 22

Uremia

Question 23

An obstructive disease that causes a dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine, commonly caused by calculus

Answer 23

Hydronephrosis

Question 24

Acquired disease abnormally common in adults that is asymptomatic and not an impairment to renal function, but may cause symptoms from rupture, hemorrhage, infection obstruction

Answer 24

Renal Cyst

Question 25

Most common malignant tumor of the kidney

Answer 25

Adenocarcinoma (Hypernephroma)

Question 26

Has unknown etiology but is generally characterized as chronic inflammation due to obstructions from cigarette smoking and other agents

Answer 26

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Question 27

A malignant tumor commonly encountered by children characterized by a large, palpable abdominal mass, showing an enlarged kidney

Answer 27

Nephroblastoma

Question 28

Nephroblastoma is also known as ______

Answer 28

Wilm's Tumor

Question 29

A chief symptom of Bladder Carcinoma identified as the presence of blood in the urine

Answer 29

Hematuria

Question 29

Cancer that is common in men than in women after 50 years of age related to cigarette smoking, industrical chemicals, and excessive coffee drinking

Answer 29

Bladder Carcinoma

Question 30

Responsible for producing, storing, and eliminating the body's fluid waste excreted by the kidneys

Answer 30

Urinary System

Question 31

This is a pair of organs located below the ribs towards the middle of the back that makes urine by filtering wastes and extra water from blood

Answer 31

Kidneys

Question 32

Color of kidneys

Answer 32

Purplish-Brown

Question 33

The functions of the kidneys include:

Answer 33

1. Remove Waste Products and Medicines from the Body 2. Balance the Body's Fluids 3. Balance a Variety of Electrolytes 4. Release Hormones to Control Blood Pressure 5. Release a Hormone to Control Red Blood Cell Production 6. Help with Bone Health by Controlling Calcium and Phosphorus

Question 34

A triangle-shaped hollow organ held in place at the lower belly by ligaments which contracts and flattens to empty urine through the urethra

Answer 34

Bladder

Question 35

The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to ______ cups of urine for _______ hours

Answer 35

1. 2 Cups 2. 2-5 Hours

Question 36

Circular muscles that help keep urine from leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder

Answer 36

Two Sphincter Muscles

Question 37

Alert a person when it is time to urinate or empty the bladder

Answer 37

Nerves in the Bladder

Question 38

Tube that allows urine to pass outside the body

Answer 38

Urethra

Question 39

Narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Answer 39

Ureters

Question 40

Small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters for about _____ to _____ seconds

Answer 40

10 to 15 Seconds

Question 41

Tiny filtering units of the kidneys that remove urea from the blood

Answer 41

Nephrons

Question 41

Medical professional responsible for the treatment of pathologies involving the renal / urinary system

Answer 41

Urologist

Question 41

Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries that are called _____ and a small tube called _____

Answer 41

1. Glomerulus 2. Renal Tubule

Question 42

Forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney

Answer 42

Urea

Question 43

Fill up the following Urine identification with their missing colors: 1. ________ = Normal, Healthy Urine 2. _________ = More Water / Colored Drinks 3. _________ = Liver Problem 4. ___________ = Blood in the Urine

Answer 43

1. Pale Straw / Clear Yellow Color 2. Darker Yellow / Honey-Colored 3. Darker, Brownish Color 4. Pinkish or Red

Question 44

Urination is also termed as _______

Answer 44

Micturation

Question 45

TRUE OR FALSE Supernurmerary Kidney is ASYMPTOMATIC

Answer 45

TRUE

Question 46

Horseshoe Kidney is identified to have the kidneys interconnected by a band called as _____

Answer 46

Isthmus