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RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY > PATHO - FINALS L2 (Urinary System) > Flashcards

PATHO - FINALS L2 (Urinary System) Flashcards

1
Q

A relatively rare anomaly that demonstrates as the absence of kidney on one side with an unusually large kidney on the other side

A

Renal Agenesis

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2
Q

The unusually large kidney on the other side is known as _____

A

Compensatory Hypertrophy

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3
Q

The _____ kidney is more frequently missing and it is more common among _____

A
  1. Left
  2. Males
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3
Q

Consists of the presence of a third, small rudimentary kidney that has no parenchymal attachment to a kidney, often becoming symptomatic as a result of an infection

A

Supernurmerary Kidney

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4
Q

Rare anomaly of kidney size involving a kidney that is developed less than normal, usually associated with hyperplasia of the other kidney

A

Renal Hypoplasia

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5
Q

The lower poles of the kidneys are joined across midline by a band of soft tissues, causing a rotation on one or both sides

A

Horseshoe Kidney

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6
Q

Consists of incomplete or excessive rotation of the kidney as they ascend from the pelvis in utero

A

Malrotation

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7
Q

A kidney out of its normal position, usually lower than the normal often in a pelvic or sacral location

A

Ectopic Kidney

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8
Q

Frequent condition that impairs renal drainage, predisposing the patient to infection and formation of calculi.

A

Double Renal Pelvis and Double Ureter

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9
Q

Cyst-like dilations of a ureter near its opening into the bladder and usually result from stenosis of the ureteral orifice

A

Ureteroceles

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10
Q

Ureteroceles is radiographically presented with a filling detect in the bladder with a characteristic ________ appearance

A

Cobra Head

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11
Q

Congenital anomaly representing a dilated, branched ureteric remnant

A

Urethral Diverticula

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12
Q

Urethral Diverticula is best demonstrated with ________

A

Retrograde Urography

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13
Q

May occur as a congenital anomaly or be caused by chronic bladder obstruction and resultant infection occurring in middle-aged men.

A

Bladder Diverticula

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14
Q

Acute bacterial infection of the calyces and renal pelvis among pregnant women due to increased size of the uterus and decreased urine clearance of bacteria; representing the most common renal disease

A

Pyelonephritis

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15
Q

An antigen antibody reaction in the glomeruli causing inflammation of the renal parenchyma

A

Glomerulonephritis

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16
Q

The kidneys radiographically appear larger in Glomerulonephritis because of ________

A

Edematous Accumulation

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17
Q

Inflammation of the bladder, fairly common infection caused by a bacteria, cystographically demonstrating the presence of reflux as well as a roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall

A

Cystitis

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18
Q

Roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall is called _______

A

Bladder Trabeculae

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19
Q

Intimal thickening of the small vessels of the kidney that serves as a part of the normal aging process in association with hypertension and diabetes

A

Nephrosclerosis

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20
Q

Disturbances of calcium metabolism that results in hyperthyroidism and is characterized by tiny deposits of calcium dispersed throughout the renal parenchyma.

A

Nephrocalcinosis

21
Q

End result of a chronic process that gradually results in lost kidney function

A

Renal Failure

22
Q

A characteristic of renal failure and consists of retention of urea in blood

A

Uremia

23
Q

An obstructive disease that causes a dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine, commonly caused by calculus

A

Hydronephrosis

24
Q

Acquired disease abnormally common in adults that is asymptomatic and not an impairment to renal function, but may cause symptoms from rupture, hemorrhage, infection obstruction

A

Renal Cyst

25
Q

Most common malignant tumor of the kidney

A

Adenocarcinoma (Hypernephroma)

26
Q

Has unknown etiology but is generally characterized as chronic inflammation due to obstructions from cigarette smoking and other agents

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

27
Q

A malignant tumor commonly encountered by children characterized by a large, palpable abdominal mass, showing an enlarged kidney

A

Nephroblastoma

28
Q

Nephroblastoma is also known as ______

A

Wilm’s Tumor

29
Q

A chief symptom of Bladder Carcinoma identified as the presence of blood in the urine

A

Hematuria

29
Q

Cancer that is common in men than in women after 50 years of age related to cigarette smoking, industrical chemicals, and excessive coffee drinking

A

Bladder Carcinoma

30
Q

Responsible for producing, storing, and eliminating the body’s fluid waste excreted by the kidneys

A

Urinary System

31
Q

This is a pair of organs located below the ribs towards the middle of the back that makes urine by filtering wastes and extra water from blood

A

Kidneys

32
Q

Color of kidneys

A

Purplish-Brown

33
Q

The functions of the kidneys include:

A
  1. Remove Waste Products and Medicines from the Body
  2. Balance the Body’s Fluids
  3. Balance a Variety of Electrolytes
  4. Release Hormones to Control Blood Pressure
  5. Release a Hormone to Control Red Blood Cell Production
  6. Help with Bone Health by Controlling Calcium and Phosphorus
34
Q

A triangle-shaped hollow organ held in place at the lower belly by ligaments which contracts and flattens to empty urine through the urethra

A

Bladder

35
Q

The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to ______ cups of urine for _______ hours

A
  1. 2 Cups
  2. 2-5 Hours
36
Q

Circular muscles that help keep urine from leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder

A

Two Sphincter Muscles

37
Q

Alert a person when it is time to urinate or empty the bladder

A

Nerves in the Bladder

38
Q

Tube that allows urine to pass outside the body

A

Urethra

39
Q

Narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

A

Ureters

40
Q

Small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters for about _____ to _____ seconds

A

10 to 15 Seconds

41
Q

Tiny filtering units of the kidneys that remove urea from the blood

A

Nephrons

41
Q

Medical professional responsible for the treatment of pathologies involving the renal / urinary system

A

Urologist

41
Q

Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries that are called _____ and a small tube called _____

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Renal Tubule
42
Q

Forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney

A

Urea

43
Q

Fill up the following Urine identification with their missing colors:

  1. ________ = Normal, Healthy Urine
  2. _________ = More Water / Colored Drinks
  3. _________ = Liver Problem
  4. ___________ = Blood in the Urine
A
  1. Pale Straw / Clear Yellow Color
  2. Darker Yellow / Honey-Colored
  3. Darker, Brownish Color
  4. Pinkish or Red
44
Q

Urination is also termed as _______

A

Micturation

45
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Supernurmerary Kidney is ASYMPTOMATIC

A

TRUE

46
Q

Horseshoe Kidney is identified to have the kidneys interconnected by a band called as _____

A

Isthmus

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY (8 decks)

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