PATHO - MIDTERM L1 (Intro to Patho) Flashcards
Study of various pathologic conditions and its effect on radiologic procedures, techniques, and overall radiographic image.
Radiologic Pathology
Study of disease that can cause abnormalities in the structure or function of various organ systems
Pathology
A particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism
Disease
Sequence of events producing cellular changes that ultimately lead to observable changes
Pathogenesis
Observable changes resulting from cellular changes in the disease process
Manifestations
Any objective evidence of a disease that can be observed by others
Signs
Subjective and apparent only to the patient
Symptom
Means there are no symptoms
Asymptomatic
A group of sign and symptoms that characterizes a specific abnormal disturbance
Syndrome
Study of the cause of a disease
Etiology
Acquired while the patient is in the hospital
Nosocomial Infection
Adverse responses that occur from medical treatment itself
Iatrogenic Reactions
Describe disease of unknown cause
Idiopathic
Diseases that have quick onset and last a short period of time
Acute Diseases
The study of the cause of a disease
Etiology
Diseases that are present more slowly and last a very long time
Chronic Disease
Determination of the diseases than an individual has
Diagnosis
The prediction of the course and outcome of the disease
Prognosis
The investigation of disease in large group
Epidemiology
The number of cases found in a given population
Prevalence
The number of new cases found in given population
Incidence
Disease of high prevalence in an area where a given causative organism
Endemic
A disease which simultaneously affects large numbers of people in a community
Epidemic
The rate of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged over a
population
Mortality Rate
Ratio of sick to well persons in a given area; the incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individual’s normal daily routine
Morbidity Rate
Give the Classifications of Disease
- Congenital Disease
- Hereditary Disease
- Inflammatory Disease
- Degenerative Disease
- Metabolic Disease
- Traumatic Disease
- Neoplastic Disease
A condition present at birth regardless of its cause.
Congenital Disease
A birth defect factor made with the combination of both genetic and environmental factors
Multifactorial Birth Defects
Caused by too few or too many chromosomes, or problems in the structure of the
chromosomes,
Chromosomal Defects
Agent that can cause a birth defect
Teratogen
Birth defects may be caused by _____ or _____ factors
- Genetic
- Environmental
It is a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically; passed on from one generation to another through defective genes
Hereditary Disease
Give the Classifications of Hereditary Disease:
- Sex-Linked
- Autosomal Inheritance
- Dominant Inheritance
- Recessive Inheritance
Transmitted by both parents to an offspring
Recessive Inheritance
A hereditary disease caused by mutations in one of the genes that encode the hemoglobin protein.
Sickle Cell Diseases
Is caused by a gene mutation that
affects the cells that produce mucus,
sweat, and digestive juices wherein mucus becomes thick and sticky
Cystic Fibrosis
A fatal genetic disorder that
results in progressive destruction of the nervous system
Tay-Sachs Disease
TSD occurs from the absence of a vital enzyme called
Hexosaminidase-A (Hex-A)
A well-known hereditary disease in which proper clotting is absent
Hemophilia
An inherited condition that comes on in mid-life and
causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain,
leading to a loss of brain and muscle function.
Huntington’s Disease
Defective genes interfere with
the production of proteins necessary for healthy muscle
development
Muscular Dystrophy
Results from the body’s reaction to a localized serious agent
Inflammatory Disease
Result from invasion by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi
Infective Disease
Result from poisoning by biologic substances
Toxic Disease
An overreaction of the body’s own defenses
Allergic Disease
The result of a continuous
process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or
organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time
Degenerative Diseases
Cells of the CNS stop working or die via neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Give the three (3) diseases commonly associated with the aging process:
- Atherosclerosis
- Osteoporosis
- Osteoarthritis
Degenerative diseases mostly ____ cure
Have no
Any of the diseases or disorders that disrupt normal metabolism
Metabolic Diseases
Sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body aimed for the conversion of food to energy on a cellular level
Metabolism
May consist of hypersecretion, causing an overactivity
of the target organ or insufficient secretion, resulting in underactivity
Endocrine Disorders
The most common disturbance of fluid balance
Dehydration
May result from mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting of a body part that may result in fractures
Traumatic Diseases
Bleeding into the tissue spaces as a result of capillary rupture
Bruise / Contusion
An injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the
skin
Wound
Conditions that cause tumor growth: both benign and malignant
Neoplastic Disease
Pertain to non-cancerous growths
Benign Tumors
Cancerous growths that can grow slowly or quickly
Malignant Tumors
General term often used to denote various types of
malignant neoplasms
Cancer
The spread of cancer cells
Metastasis
One type of cancer and is derived from epithelial
tissue
Carcinoma
Another cancer which arises from connective tissue
Sarcoma
Give the primary treatment modalities for Neoplastic Diseases
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation Therapy
The goal of treatment for Neoplastic Diseases may be _____ or _____
- Curative
- Palliative
Allows the patient to remain free of
disease for 5 years or more
Curative
Designed to relieve pain when curing
is not possible
Palliative
Genetic disease transmitted by a single gene from either parent
Dominant Inheritance
A genetic abnormality present on one of the other 22 chromosomes
Autosomal Inheritance
Spina Bifida befalls under which classification of disease
Congenital Disease
