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RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY > PATHO - MIDTERM L1 (Intro to Patho) > Flashcards

PATHO - MIDTERM L1 (Intro to Patho) Flashcards

1
Q

Study of various pathologic conditions and its effect on radiologic procedures, techniques, and overall radiographic image.

A

Radiologic Pathology

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2
Q

Study of disease that can cause abnormalities in the structure or function of various organ systems

A

Pathology

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3
Q

A particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism

A

Disease

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4
Q

Sequence of events producing cellular changes that ultimately lead to observable changes

A

Pathogenesis

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5
Q

Observable changes resulting from cellular changes in the disease process

A

Manifestations

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6
Q

Any objective evidence of a disease that can be observed by others

A

Signs

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7
Q

Subjective and apparent only to the patient

A

Symptom

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8
Q

Means there are no symptoms

A

Asymptomatic

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9
Q

A group of sign and symptoms that characterizes a specific abnormal disturbance

A

Syndrome

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10
Q

Study of the cause of a disease

A

Etiology

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11
Q

Acquired while the patient is in the hospital

A

Nosocomial Infection

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12
Q

Adverse responses that occur from medical treatment itself

A

Iatrogenic Reactions

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13
Q

Describe disease of unknown cause

A

Idiopathic

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14
Q

Diseases that have quick onset and last a short period of time

A

Acute Diseases

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15
Q

The study of the cause of a disease

A

Etiology

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16
Q

Diseases that are present more slowly and last a very long time

A

Chronic Disease

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17
Q

Determination of the diseases than an individual has

A

Diagnosis

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18
Q

The prediction of the course and outcome of the disease

A

Prognosis

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19
Q

The investigation of disease in large group

A

Epidemiology

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20
Q

The number of cases found in a given population

A

Prevalence

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21
Q

The number of new cases found in given population

A

Incidence

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22
Q

Disease of high prevalence in an area where a given causative organism

A

Endemic

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23
Q

A disease which simultaneously affects large numbers of people in a community

A

Epidemic

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24
Q

The rate of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged over a
population

A

Mortality Rate

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25
Q

Ratio of sick to well persons in a given area; the incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individual’s normal daily routine

A

Morbidity Rate

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26
Q

Give the Classifications of Disease

A
  1. Congenital Disease
  2. Hereditary Disease
  3. Inflammatory Disease
  4. Degenerative Disease
  5. Metabolic Disease
  6. Traumatic Disease
  7. Neoplastic Disease
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27
Q

A condition present at birth regardless of its cause.

A

Congenital Disease

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28
Q

A birth defect factor made with the combination of both genetic and environmental factors

A

Multifactorial Birth Defects

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29
Q

Caused by too few or too many chromosomes, or problems in the structure of the
chromosomes,

A

Chromosomal Defects

30
Q

Agent that can cause a birth defect

A

Teratogen

31
Q

Birth defects may be caused by _____ or _____ factors

A
  1. Genetic
  2. Environmental
32
Q

It is a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically; passed on from one generation to another through defective genes

A

Hereditary Disease

33
Q

Give the Classifications of Hereditary Disease:

A
  1. Sex-Linked
  2. Autosomal Inheritance
  3. Dominant Inheritance
  4. Recessive Inheritance
34
Q

Transmitted by both parents to an offspring

A

Recessive Inheritance

35
Q

A hereditary disease caused by mutations in one of the genes that encode the hemoglobin protein.

A

Sickle Cell Diseases

36
Q

Is caused by a gene mutation that
affects the cells that produce mucus,
sweat, and digestive juices wherein mucus becomes thick and sticky

A

Cystic Fibrosis

37
Q

A fatal genetic disorder that
results in progressive destruction of the nervous system

A

Tay-Sachs Disease

38
Q

TSD occurs from the absence of a vital enzyme called

A

Hexosaminidase-A (Hex-A)

39
Q

A well-known hereditary disease in which proper clotting is absent

A

Hemophilia

40
Q

An inherited condition that comes on in mid-life and
causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain,
leading to a loss of brain and muscle function.

A

Huntington’s Disease

41
Q

Defective genes interfere with
the production of proteins necessary for healthy muscle
development

A

Muscular Dystrophy

42
Q

Results from the body’s reaction to a localized serious agent

A

Inflammatory Disease

43
Q

Result from invasion by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi

A

Infective Disease

44
Q

Result from poisoning by biologic substances

A

Toxic Disease

45
Q

An overreaction of the body’s own defenses

A

Allergic Disease

46
Q

The result of a continuous
process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or
organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time

A

Degenerative Diseases

47
Q

Cells of the CNS stop working or die via neurodegeneration

A

Neurodegenerative Diseases

48
Q

Give the three (3) diseases commonly associated with the aging process:

A
  1. Atherosclerosis
  2. Osteoporosis
  3. Osteoarthritis
49
Q

Degenerative diseases mostly ____ cure

A

Have no

50
Q

Any of the diseases or disorders that disrupt normal metabolism

A

Metabolic Diseases

51
Q

Sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body aimed for the conversion of food to energy on a cellular level

A

Metabolism

52
Q

May consist of hypersecretion, causing an overactivity
of the target organ or insufficient secretion, resulting in underactivity

A

Endocrine Disorders

53
Q

The most common disturbance of fluid balance

A

Dehydration

54
Q

May result from mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting of a body part that may result in fractures

A

Traumatic Diseases

55
Q

Bleeding into the tissue spaces as a result of capillary rupture

A

Bruise / Contusion

56
Q

An injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the
skin

A

Wound

57
Q

Conditions that cause tumor growth: both benign and malignant

A

Neoplastic Disease

58
Q

Pertain to non-cancerous growths

A

Benign Tumors

59
Q

Cancerous growths that can grow slowly or quickly

A

Malignant Tumors

60
Q

General term often used to denote various types of
malignant neoplasms

A

Cancer

61
Q

The spread of cancer cells

A

Metastasis

62
Q

One type of cancer and is derived from epithelial
tissue

A

Carcinoma

63
Q

Another cancer which arises from connective tissue

A

Sarcoma

64
Q

Give the primary treatment modalities for Neoplastic Diseases

A
  1. Surgery
  2. Chemotherapy
  3. Radiation Therapy
65
Q

The goal of treatment for Neoplastic Diseases may be _____ or _____

A
  1. Curative
  2. Palliative
66
Q

Allows the patient to remain free of
disease for 5 years or more

A

Curative

67
Q

Designed to relieve pain when curing
is not possible

A

Palliative

68
Q

Genetic disease transmitted by a single gene from either parent

A

Dominant Inheritance

69
Q

A genetic abnormality present on one of the other 22 chromosomes

A

Autosomal Inheritance

70
Q

Spina Bifida befalls under which classification of disease

A

Congenital Disease

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY (8 decks)

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