PATHO - FINALS L3 (GI System) Flashcards
Essentially a tube that extends form the mouth to the rectum
Gastrointestinal Tract
The lumen of the duodenum does not exist
Duodenal Atresia
The absence or closure of natural passages of the body
Atresia
Congenital failure of development of the distal rectum and anus
Colonic Atresia
The esophagus fails to develop
Esophageal Atresia
HPS occurs ___ - ____ times more often in _____ children
- 3-4 Times
- Male
The pyloric canal leading out of the stomach is greatly narrowed because of the pyloric sphincter
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Aberration of the normal process of intestinal rotation that exists when the intestines are not in their normal position
Malrotation
A congenital disorder wherein there is no anal opening to the exterior
Imperforate Anus
Burning symptoms experienced substernally as a result of the reflux of gastric acids into the esophagus
Heartburn
Reconstruction of the anus most often performed to correct anal stenosis
Anoplasty
Narrowing of the anal canal that causes painful bowel movements
Anal Stenosis
Backward flow of gastric acids into the esophagus
Reflux Esophagitis
Erosion of the mucous membrane of the lower end of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum
Peptic Ulcers
Most likely sites of developments of Peptic Ulcers (2):
- Duodenal Bulb
- Lesser Curvature of the Stomach
Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach bowel
Gastroenteritis
A group of diseases of various causes in which there is interference with normal digestion and absorption of food through the small bowel
Malabsorption Syndrome
Occurs as a result of sensitivity to Gluten
Celiac Disease
Occurs when the small bowel lacks sufficient quantity of the enzyme lactase
Lactose Insufficiency
Other terms for Crohn’s Disease
Regional Enteritis / Granulomatous Colitis
This is an important causative factor of bowel dysfunction
Emotional Stress
An inflammatory lesion of the colon mucosa with unknown etiology but is thought to be an autoimmune disease
Ulcerative Disease
Acute dilatation of the colon from paralytic ileus
Toxic Megacolon
Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, generally resulting from obstruction of fecalith or neoplasm
Appencitis
Pain in Appendicitis starts in the _____ and moves to the ________ quadrant
- Epigastrium
- Right Lower
Protrusion of a loop of bowel through a small opening usually in the abdominal wall
Herniation
Other term for Herniation
Rupture
Type of hernia in which an anatomical part protrudes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
Hiatal Hernia
Common in men that occurs when a bowel loop protrudes through weakness in the inguinal ring and may descend downward into the scrotum
Inguinal Hernia
A cause of mechanical bowel obstruction in which a gallstone can erode from the GB and create a fistula to the small bowel
Gallstone Ileus
A condition in which one segment of the intestine “telescopes” inside of another, occurring when a bowel, constricted by peristalsis, is driven further
Intussusception
A twisting of a bowel loop about its mesenteric base, usually at either the sigmoid or ileocecal junction
Volvulus
The condition where the motor activity of the bowel is impaired, usually without the presence of physical obstruction
Paralytic Ileus
A neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus that results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter of the distal esophagus to relax, leading to dysphagia
Achalasia
Achalasia is often radiographically described to manifest a ______ appearance
Beaked
Absence of neurons in the bowel wall that prevents normal relaxation of the colon and subsequent peristalsis resulting in gross dilatation
Hirschsprung’s Disease
Other term for Hirschsprung’s Disease
Congenital Megacolon
A pouch or sac of variable size that occurs normally or is created by herniation of a mucus membrane through defect in its muscular coat
Diverticuli
Presence of diverticuli without inflammation
Diverticulosis
Occurs when mucosal outpouching penetrates through the muscular layer of the esophagus
Esophageal Diverticuli
These are lodged in the esophagus due to unintentional swallowing or poor mastication
Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus
Which radiologic contrast examination is commonly used in cases of acute esophageal obstruction ?
Barium Swallow
Can cause serious injury not only to the GI tract, but also to abdominal organs such as the Liver, Kidneys, Spleen, and Pancreas
Abdominal Trauma
Benign tumor that can be surgically removed through thoracic or abdominal incision
Leiomyoma
A cancer arising in the body of the esophagus
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A cancer arising at the esophogastric junction
Adenocarcinoma
A type of cancer with an incidence that varies by geographical area, race, diet, hereditary, and sex
Gastric Cancer
Most common malignancies in male and is an adenocarcinoma
Cancer of the Colon
Most common malignant tumor of the kidney with unknown etiology but chronic inflammation from obstruction, cigarette smoking, and other agents contribute to its development
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Other term for Nephroblastoma
Wilm’s Tumor
Cancer of the bladder that is more common in men than in women after 50 years of age
Bladder Carcinoma
Three parts of the small intestine:
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
What do the ff. nutrients become WHEN DIGESTED ?
- Proteins =
- Fats =
- Carbohydrates =
- Proteins = Amino Acids
- Fats = Fatty Acids and Glycerol
- Carbohydrates = Simple Sugars
The hollow organs that make up the GI Tract include (6):
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
- Anus
The three layers of the GI Tract include:
- Lumen
- Muscular Layer in the Middle
- Layer of Epithelial Cells
