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RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY > PATHO - FINALS L3 (GI System) > Flashcards

PATHO - FINALS L3 (GI System) Flashcards

1
Q

Essentially a tube that extends form the mouth to the rectum

A

Gastrointestinal Tract

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2
Q

The lumen of the duodenum does not exist

A

Duodenal Atresia

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2
Q

The absence or closure of natural passages of the body

A

Atresia

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2
Q

Congenital failure of development of the distal rectum and anus

A

Colonic Atresia

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2
Q

The esophagus fails to develop

A

Esophageal Atresia

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3
Q

HPS occurs ___ - ____ times more often in _____ children

A
  1. 3-4 Times
  2. Male
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3
Q

The pyloric canal leading out of the stomach is greatly narrowed because of the pyloric sphincter

A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

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4
Q

Aberration of the normal process of intestinal rotation that exists when the intestines are not in their normal position

A

Malrotation

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5
Q

A congenital disorder wherein there is no anal opening to the exterior

A

Imperforate Anus

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6
Q

Burning symptoms experienced substernally as a result of the reflux of gastric acids into the esophagus

A

Heartburn

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6
Q

Reconstruction of the anus most often performed to correct anal stenosis

A

Anoplasty

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7
Q

Narrowing of the anal canal that causes painful bowel movements

A

Anal Stenosis

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8
Q

Backward flow of gastric acids into the esophagus

A

Reflux Esophagitis

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9
Q

Erosion of the mucous membrane of the lower end of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

A

Peptic Ulcers

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10
Q

Most likely sites of developments of Peptic Ulcers (2):

A
  1. Duodenal Bulb
  2. Lesser Curvature of the Stomach
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11
Q

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach bowel

A

Gastroenteritis

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12
Q

A group of diseases of various causes in which there is interference with normal digestion and absorption of food through the small bowel

A

Malabsorption Syndrome

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13
Q

Occurs as a result of sensitivity to Gluten

A

Celiac Disease

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14
Q

Occurs when the small bowel lacks sufficient quantity of the enzyme lactase

A

Lactose Insufficiency

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15
Q

Other terms for Crohn’s Disease

A

Regional Enteritis / Granulomatous Colitis

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16
Q

This is an important causative factor of bowel dysfunction

A

Emotional Stress

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17
Q

An inflammatory lesion of the colon mucosa with unknown etiology but is thought to be an autoimmune disease

A

Ulcerative Disease

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18
Q

Acute dilatation of the colon from paralytic ileus

A

Toxic Megacolon

19
Q

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, generally resulting from obstruction of fecalith or neoplasm

A

Appencitis

20
Q

Pain in Appendicitis starts in the _____ and moves to the ________ quadrant

A
  1. Epigastrium
  2. Right Lower
21
Q

Protrusion of a loop of bowel through a small opening usually in the abdominal wall

A

Herniation

21
Q

Other term for Herniation

A

Rupture

21
Q

Type of hernia in which an anatomical part protrudes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

A

Hiatal Hernia

22
Q

Common in men that occurs when a bowel loop protrudes through weakness in the inguinal ring and may descend downward into the scrotum

A

Inguinal Hernia

23
Q

A cause of mechanical bowel obstruction in which a gallstone can erode from the GB and create a fistula to the small bowel

A

Gallstone Ileus

24
Q

A condition in which one segment of the intestine “telescopes” inside of another, occurring when a bowel, constricted by peristalsis, is driven further

A

Intussusception

24
Q

A twisting of a bowel loop about its mesenteric base, usually at either the sigmoid or ileocecal junction

A

Volvulus

24
Q

The condition where the motor activity of the bowel is impaired, usually without the presence of physical obstruction

A

Paralytic Ileus

25
Q

A neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus that results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter of the distal esophagus to relax, leading to dysphagia

A

Achalasia

26
Q

Achalasia is often radiographically described to manifest a ______ appearance

A

Beaked

27
Q

Absence of neurons in the bowel wall that prevents normal relaxation of the colon and subsequent peristalsis resulting in gross dilatation

A

Hirschsprung’s Disease

28
Q

Other term for Hirschsprung’s Disease

A

Congenital Megacolon

29
Q

A pouch or sac of variable size that occurs normally or is created by herniation of a mucus membrane through defect in its muscular coat

A

Diverticuli

30
Q

Presence of diverticuli without inflammation

A

Diverticulosis

30
Q

Occurs when mucosal outpouching penetrates through the muscular layer of the esophagus

A

Esophageal Diverticuli

31
Q

These are lodged in the esophagus due to unintentional swallowing or poor mastication

A

Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus

32
Q

Which radiologic contrast examination is commonly used in cases of acute esophageal obstruction ?

A

Barium Swallow

33
Q

Can cause serious injury not only to the GI tract, but also to abdominal organs such as the Liver, Kidneys, Spleen, and Pancreas

A

Abdominal Trauma

34
Q

Benign tumor that can be surgically removed through thoracic or abdominal incision

A

Leiomyoma

35
Q

A cancer arising in the body of the esophagus

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

36
Q

A cancer arising at the esophogastric junction

A

Adenocarcinoma

37
Q

A type of cancer with an incidence that varies by geographical area, race, diet, hereditary, and sex

A

Gastric Cancer

38
Q

Most common malignancies in male and is an adenocarcinoma

A

Cancer of the Colon

39
Q

Most common malignant tumor of the kidney with unknown etiology but chronic inflammation from obstruction, cigarette smoking, and other agents contribute to its development

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

40
Q

Other term for Nephroblastoma

A

Wilm’s Tumor

41
Q

Cancer of the bladder that is more common in men than in women after 50 years of age

A

Bladder Carcinoma

42
Q

Three parts of the small intestine:

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
43
Q

What do the ff. nutrients become WHEN DIGESTED ?

  1. Proteins =
  2. Fats =
  3. Carbohydrates =
A
  1. Proteins = Amino Acids
  2. Fats = Fatty Acids and Glycerol
  3. Carbohydrates = Simple Sugars
44
Q

The hollow organs that make up the GI Tract include (6):

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Esophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Small Intestine
  5. Large Intestine
  6. Anus
44
Q

The three layers of the GI Tract include:

A
  1. Lumen
  2. Muscular Layer in the Middle
  3. Layer of Epithelial Cells

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY (8 decks)

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