PATHO - MIDTERM L3 (Respiratory System)

Question 1

A respiratory distress syndrome serving as a disorder of prematurity that affects infants due to incomplete maturation of the surfactant-producing system

Answer 1

Hyaline Membrane Disease

Question 2

Two treatments for Hyaline Membrane Disease

Answer 2

1. Proper Thermal Environment
2. Satisfactory Levels of Tissue Oxygenation

Question 3

Affects exocrine gland function with respiratory effects including excessive secretions, obstruction of bronchial system, infection, and tissue damage

Answer 3

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 4

Most frequent type of lung infection resulting in the inflammation of the lung

Answer 4

Pneumonia

Question 5

Main causes of pneumonia include (3):

Answer 5

1. Bacteria
2. Virus
3. Mycoplasm

Question 6

Most common bacterial pneumonia affecting the alveoli of the lobes of the lungs

Answer 6

Pneumoccocal Lobar Pneumonia

Question 7

Treatment for Pneumoccocal Lobar Pneumonia include:

Answer 7

1. Antibiotics
2. Bedrest

Question 8

Through a common community pathogen, it is found twice as frequently in pneumonias in hospitalized patients

Answer 8

Staphylococcal Pneumonia

Question 9

More rare pneumonia appearing localized around the bronchi in the lower lobes

Answer 9

Streptococcal Pneumonia

Question 10

Severe bacterial pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria

Answer 10

Legionnaire’s Disease

Question 11

Legionnaire’s Disease is also known as ________

Answer 11

Legionellosis

Question 12

Legionnaire’s Disease often begins _______ after exposure

Answer 12

2-10

Question 13

A type of “atypical” bacteria that commonly causes mild infections of the respiratory system; with milder symptoms than pneumonia caused by other germs

Answer 13

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

Question 14

Mycoplasma Pneumonia is also known as _______

Answer 14

Walking Pneumonia

Question 15

Caused by acid vomitus aspirated into the lower respiratory tract

Answer 15

Aspiration Pneumonia

Question 16

Permanent, abnormal dilatation of one or more large bronchi due to the destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall.

Answer 16

Bronchiectasis

Question 17

Infection caused by inhalation wherein lesions are more commonly seen in the apical region of the chest

Answer 17

Tuberculosis

Question 18

Bacteria responsible for TB

Answer 18

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis / Mycobacterium Tuberculae

Question 19

Group of disorders that cause chronic airways obstruction

Answer 19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 20

Enumerate the common forms of COPD (2):

Answer 20

1. Chronic Bronchitis
2. Emphysema

Question 21

Arises from long term, heavy smoking, which irritates the mucous lining of the bronchial tree, increasing susceptibility to both bacterial and viral infections

Answer 21

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 22

Pertains to expulsion of mucus or phlegm from the throat that serves as one of the primary symptoms of chronic bronchitis

Answer 22

Expectoration

Question 23

The lung’s alveoli become distended, usually from loss of elasticity or interference with expiration.

Answer 23

Emphysema

Question 24

Result of emphysema progression appearing radiographically as a depressed or flattened diaphragm with abnormally radiolucent lungs and an increase retrosternal air space.

Answer 24

Hyperinflation

Question 25

A group of occupational disease on which inhalation of foreign inorganic dust materials result in pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 25

Pneumoconioses

Question 26

Three primary types of Pneumonoconiosis include:

Answer 26

1. Silicosis 2. Anthracosis 3. Asbestosis

Question 27

Inhalation of silica (quartz) common among miners, grinders and sandblasters, sometimes radiographically referred to as "Eggshell Calcifications"

Answer 27

Silicosis

Question 28

Results from inhaling of coal dust and associated with coal workers

Answer 28

Anthracosis

Question 29

Anthracosis is otherwise known as __________

Answer 29

Black Lung Disease

Question 30

Result from inhalation of asbestos dust and radiographically demonstrated as a diaphragmatic pleural calcification

Answer 30

Asbestosis

Question 31

Localized area of dead lung tissue surrounded by inflammatory debris.

Answer 31

Lung Abscess

Question 32

Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

Answer 32

Empyema

Question 33

Inflammation of the pleura indicating inconsequential thoracic pain varying in intensity

Answer 33

Pleurisy

Question 34

Excess fluid collection in the pleural cavity

Answer 34

Pleural Effusion

Question 35

Pleural Effusion containing blood is called _________

Answer 35

Hemothorax

Question 36

Radiographically visualized as blunting of the costophrenic angle seen in an erect lateral projection of the chest / lateral decubitus

Answer 36

Pleural Effusion

Question 37

Infection and inflammation of paranasal sinuses

Answer 37

Sinusitis

Question 38

Complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or lobe of the lung

Answer 38

Atelectasis

Question 39

Occurs when free air is trapped in the pleural space and compresses lung tissue

Answer 39

Pneumothorax

Question 40

Pneumothorax is best seen on an ________ chest radiograph

Answer 40

Erect

Question 41

Wrinkle on patients that produce artifacts that may be mistaken as pneumothorax

Answer 41

Pseudopneumothorax

Question 42

Usually benign but classified by the WHO as under the lung cancer classification due to its tendencies to invade local tissues

Answer 42

Bronchial Adenoma

Question 43

Most common fatal primary malignancy of the lung

Answer 43

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Question 44

Bronchial Adenoma may be classified into two, namely:

Answer 44

1. Carcinoid Tumor 2. Mucous Gland Adenoma

Question 45

Group of organs that facilitate the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide

Answer 45

Respiratory System

Question 46

Filters, warms, and humidifies air

Answer 46

Nasal Cavity

Question 47

Passageway for air and food connecting the nasal cavity to the larynx

Answer 47

Pharynx

Question 48

Houses the vocal chords and plays a role in sound production along with protection of trachea against food aspiration

Answer 48

Larynx

Question 49

Conducts air to the bronchi lined with cilia and mucus to trap particles

Answer 49

Trachea

Question 50

Two main branches from the trachea that lead to each lung; further dividing into smaller branches

Answer 50

Bronchi

Question 51

Contain alveoli where gas exchange occurs

Answer 51

Lungs

Question 52

Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood

Answer 52

Alveoli

Question 53

How many lobes does the right lung have ?

Answer 53

Three (3)

Question 54

Enumerate the functions of the Respiratory System (4):

Answer 54

1. Gas Exchange 2. Regulation of Blood pH 3. Protection 4. Sound Production

Question 55

Oxygen from inhaled air passes through the alveoli into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide is expelled from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Answer 55

Gas Exchange

Question 56

By controlling the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, the respiratory system helps maintain acid-base balance

Answer 56

Regulation of Blood pH

Question 57

The respiratory system helps filter out pathogens and irritants through mucus and cilia

Answer 57

Protection

Question 58

The larynx facilitates vocalization and communication

Answer 58

Sound Production

Question 59

Bacteria responsible for Staphylococcocal Pneumonia

Answer 59

Staphylococcus Aureus

Question 60

Primary symptom of emphysema

Answer 60

Dyspnea