Patho 2- TBI and ABI Flashcards
Acquired brain injuries can be…
Traumatic
Non traumatic e.g. stroke, anoxia
What is a TBI
Injury to brain by trauma to head
Causes of TBI
Automobile accidents Slipping or falling Object striking head Shaken violently Sports related injury Violence
Types of TBI
Closed head injury
Open wound injury
Crushing injury
Closed head injury
Brain rattled/ traumatised inside skull
- diffuse axonal injury
- concussion
- intracranial haematoma
- cerebral contusion
Open wound injuries
Blow to head that penetrates skull
- Linear skull fracture
- diastatic skull fracture
- depressed skull fracture
- Basilar skull fracture
Crushing injury
Brain compressed between two objects
Immediate signs and symptoms of TBI
Difficulty concentrating/confusion Changes in consciousness Headaches and dizziness Vomiting and nausea Changes in mood, behaviour, personality Changes in eyes/dilated pupils Swelling Inability to remember Difficulty breathing Fluid leaking Difficulties with language and speech Changes in vision Hallucination
Level of brain injury-loss of consciousness- post traumatic amnesia
Minor- <15mins- <60mins
Moderate- 15mins to 6hrs-1-24hrs
Severe- 6hrs to 48hrs-1-7days
Very severe- >48hrs->7hours
Coma and reduced awareness states
Vegetative state
Minimally conscious state
Lock in syndrome
Vegetative state
Severe
Have sleep wake cycles
No conscious awareness
Minimally conscious state
Limited signs of awareness
Limited response to stimulation
Locked in syndrome
Aware but unable to move or speak
Possibly communicate via blinking
Anoxic brain injury
Non traumatic
Oxygen deprivation
Neural cells die vis apoptosis
Diminished brain function
Cause of Anoxic brain injuries
Stroke or TIA Anaphylactic shock Electrocution Extremely low BP Severe pneumothorax or collapsed lung O2 deprivation at birth Physical attack/assault Asphyxiation Drug overdose
