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Physiotherapy > Axial Anatomy muscles > Flashcards

Axial Anatomy muscles Flashcards

1
Q

External oblique

A

Outer surface ribs 5-12 and costal cartilages
- linea alba via anterior rectus sheath
Inguinal ligament
Anterior 2/3 iliac crest

Anterior rami t7-12

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2
Q

External oblique actions

A

Bilateral- trunk flexion
Posterior pelvic tilt
Unilaterally- contralateral rotation
Ipsilateral- lateral side flexion

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3
Q

Internal oblique

A 
-Lower border ribs 10-12
Linea alba via ant + post rectus sheath
Pectin pubis 
- Lateral 2/3 inguinal ligament
Anterior 2/3 iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia

Anterior rami t7-12

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4
Q

Internal oblique actions

A

Bilaterally- trunk flexion against resistance
Posterior pelvic tilt
Ipsilateral- rotation
Lateral side flexion

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5
Q

Transverse abdominus

A 
- Internal surfaces ribs 7-12 costal cartilages 
Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament 
- Linea alba via rectus sheath
Pectin pubis

Anterior rami T7-12

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6
Q

Transverse abdominus actions

A

Stabilises lumbar spine

Raise intra abdominal pressure

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7
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

-Xiphoid process
Costal cartilages of rib 5-7
- Pubic symphysis
Pubic crest

Anterior rami T6-12

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8
Q

Rectus abdominus actions

A

Bilateral- trunk flexion
Posterior pelvic tilt
Contralaterally- rotation
Ipsilaterally- lateral side flexion

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9
Q

Functions of abdominals

A

Trunk movement
Protection of abdominal viscera
Spinal stabilisation
Abdominal pressure- forced expiration, micturition, defecation, parturition, vomiting
Sitting up from lying, getting out of bed

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10
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A
  • Medial half lower border rib 12
    TP lumber vertebrae L5
    Iliolumbar ligament
    -Iliac crest

Ventral roots T12-L4

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11
Q

Quadratus lumborum actions

A

Ipsilaterally- lateral side flexion
Bilaterally- lumbar extension
Depress and stabilise rib 12
Muscle of deep inspiration

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12
Q

Erector spinae

Medial limb- Spinalis

A

-Lower 6 ribs and rib angles
- T11-L5 SP
Supraspinous ligament
Sacro-iliac ligament
Medial sacral crest

Dorsal rami of adjacent throacolumbar nerves

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13
Q

Erector spinae

Lateral limb- Iliocostalis

A 
Lower six ribs and rib angles
- Lateral sacral crest
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrococcygeal ligament
Posterior sacro iliac ligament
Posterior iliac crest

Dorsal rami of adjacent throacolumbar nerves

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14
Q

Erector spinae

Deep limb- Longissimus

A

Lower 6 ribs and rib angles
- iliac tuberosity
Inner lip of iliac crest

Dorsal rami of adjacent throacolumbar nerves

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15
Q

Erector spinae actions

A

Bilaterally- extension of vertebral column
Control of flexion
Unilaterally- Ipsilateral lateral side flexion
Ipsilateral rotation
Maintains lumbar lordosis

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16
Q

Semispinalis

A

TP T6-10

Lower cervical and upper thoracic SP

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17
Q

Semispinalis action

A

Bilaterally- Extension of cervical and thoracic spine

Unilaterally- Assists rotation

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18
Q

Rotatores action

A

Stabiliser

Contralateral- rotation

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19
Q

Interspinales action

A

Stabiliser muscle

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20
Q

Intertransversus action

A

Stabiliser

Ilsilaterally- Lateral side flexion

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21
Q

Multifidus actions

A

Bilaterally- Extension
Unilaterally- Ipsilateral Lateral side flexion
Contralateral rotation

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22
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternal head- Upper anterior manubrium
Lateral 1/2 superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Clavicular head- Superior surface medial 1/3 clavicle
Lateral surface mastoid process of temporal bone

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23
Q

Sternocleidomastoid actions

A 
Ipsilateral- shoulder tilt/ lateral side flexion
Contralateral- head rotation
Bilateral- cervical spine flexion
Draws head anteriorly 
Accessory muscle of respiration
24
Q

Diaphragm

A

Peripheral attachments:
Anteriorly- costal surface xiphoid process
Costal margin/thoracic wall
Laterally- Ends of ribs 11-12
Posteriorly- Lumbar vertebrae
Medial and lateral arcuate ligaments

Left crura- L1-2 and intervertebral disc
Right crura- L1-3 and intervertebral disc

Central attachment:
Muscle fibres converge forming central tendon

25
Q

Diaphragm actions

A

Contracts and flatterns during inspiration

Increases thoracic pressure so air enters

26
Q

Diaphragm function

A 
Helps with:
Breathing and inspiration 
Core stability
Active contraction in labour or urination
Vomiting
27
Q

Scalenes

A 
Anterior- TP C3-6
                - Rib 1
Medius- Tp C1-7
               - Rib 1
Posterior- TP C4-6
                  - Rib 2

Ant- ventral rami c4-6
Med- ventral rami c3-8
Post- ventral c6-8

28
Q

Scalenes actions

A

Unilaterally- Ipsilateral lateral side flexion
Bilaterally- cervical flexion
Accessory muscle of respiration- Elevates rib 1

29
Q

External Intercostal

A

Inferior margin of superior rib (Ribs 1-11)

Superior margin of inferior rib (Ribs 2-12)

30
Q

External intercostal actions

A

Rib elevation
Increasing transverse dimensions of thoracic cavity
Most active in inspiration

31
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Lateral edge of costal groove of superior rib

Superior margin of inferior rib

32
Q

Internal intercostal actions

A

Depress ribs
Decreases transverse dimensions of thoracic
Support intercostal space
Most active in expiration

33
Q

Innermost intercostals

A

Inferior margin and internal surface of costal cartilage ribs 2-6
Inferior aspect of deep xiphoid process
Costal cartilage ribs 4-7

34
Q

Innermost intercostals

A

Decreases transverse dimensions of thoracic cavity.

Active in expiration

35
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Outer surfaces upper 8-9 ribs
Deep fascia overlaying deep intercostal space

Costal surface medial border of scapula

36
Q

Serratus anterior actions

A

Protraction of scapula
Lateral rotation of scapula

Long thoracic c5-7

37
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Inferior and anterior clavicular
Anterior sternum
First 7 costal cartilages
Aponeurosis of external obliques

Lateral lip of intertubercular groove

38
Q

Pectoralis major action

A

Clav- flexion (sternal RI)
Sternal- extension (clav RI)
Both- adduction and MR humerus

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves c5-8

39
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A 
Thoracolumbar fascia from SP T6-12 and all of sacral and lumbar vertebrae
Iliac crest
Inferior angle of scapula 
Lower 4 ribs
Some fibres to sacrum and coccyx

Floor of intertubercular groove

40
Q

Latissimus dorsi action

A

Extension, MR and adduction of humerus
Respiratory action when arms fixed (deep cough)

Thoracodorsal nerve C6-8

41
Q

Muscles of inspiration

A

Diaphragm
External intercostals
Serratus posterior superior

42
Q

Muscles of respiratory distress

A 
Sternocleidomastoid (sternomastoid)
Scaleni
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Latissimus dorsi
43
Q

Muscles of forced expiration

A 
Intercostal muscles
Transversus Thoracis
Subcostals
Serratus posterior inferior
External oblique
Internal oblique 
Rectus abdominus
Transversus abdominus 
Latissimus dorsi
Quadratus lumborum
44
Q

Transverus thoracis actions

A

Depress costal cartilages

45
Q

Longus capitis actions

A

Unilaterally- ipsilateral lateral side flexion
Bilaterally- cervical spine flexion
Supports cervical lordosis

46
Q

Longus colli actions

A

Bilaterally- cervical spine flexion
Unilaterally- ipsilateral side flexion
Supports cervical lordosis

47
Q

Rectus capitis anterior and lateralis action

A

Deep cervical flexion
Stabiliser muscle
Ipsilateral lateral flexion

48
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor and major

Obliqus capitis inferior and superior

A

Bilaterally- upper cervical extension

Unilaterally- Ipsilateral lateral flexor

49
Q

Levator scapulae

A

C1–4 TP

Medial scapula border

50
Q

Levator scapulae actions

A

Elevation of scapula
Ipsilateral lateral flexion
Cervical neck extension

Dorsal scapula nerve C5

51
Q

Levator scapulae function

A

Scapula stability

Resists depression with weight in hand

52
Q

Upper trapezius

A

External occipital protuberance
Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line
Ligamentum nuchae
SP T7-12 and supraspinous ligament

Posterior border lateral 1/3 clavicle

53
Q

Upper trapezius actions

A

Cervical spine- bilaterally- cervical spine extension
Unilaterally- ipsilateral lateral side flexion

Shoulder girdle/scapula- elevation of shoulder girdle
Upwards scapula rotation

54
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Between scapula anterior and middle the whole brachial plexus and arterial supply to upper limbs and venous supply return to upper limb exits.

55
Q

Splenius cervicis actions

A

Bilaterally- cervical spine extension
Unilaterally- ipsilateral lateral flexion
Rotation

56
Q

Splenius capitis actions

A

Extension of cervical spine and head

Neck and head retraction

57
Q

Semispinalis capitis actions

A

Bilaterally- cervical extension
Unilaterally- ipsilateral lateral side flexion
Stability muscle

Physiotherapy (18 decks)

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