PATH - Respiratory Flashcards
What is ARDS?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
What is pneumonitis?
Inflammation of lung tissue
Bronchiolitis vs bronchitis?
Which is worse?
Bronchiole inflammation
Bronchi inflammation
Bronchiolitis is worse because lumen of bronchioles are smaller than the bronchi, so inflammation can block easier
Most common cause of bronchitis?
Smoking
What is lung emphysema?
Abnormally large permanent airspace created when alveolar walls are destroyed
How many types of lung emphysema are there?
Names?
3
Paraseptal
Panacinar
Centriacinar
What is atelactasis?
How many types?
The collapse of alveoli
3
When fluid bewteen pleural membranes of lungs?
Pleural effusion
I.e. empyema, hemothorax
Most comments way to developers lung abscess?
Pneumonia
What 3 things can happen to a lung abscess?
Vomica
Scar due to healing
Empyema
What is bronchiectasis?
Why does it occur?
Permanent dilation of the bronchi or segments of bronchi
From damaged respiratory epithelium and muscular layer death
What patients have lots of bronchiectasis?
Cystic fibrosis
What kind of lesions are produced by mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Caseous granulomas
What kind of carcinoma occurs at pleural level due to exposure to asbestos?
Mesothelioma
If a lesion in the chest wall allows air to enter plural space and cant escape?
When it can escape?
When its blood Instead of air?
Tension pneumothorax
Normal pneumothorax
Hemothorax
What is a chlyothorax?
Why would someone develope chlyothorax?
Accumulation of lymphatic fluid in pleural space
When lymphatic vessels have been broken
What is a flail chest?
A floating piece of thorax
Result of double consecutive fractures of ribs
Causes paradoxical movement
What happens when air has low O2 content?
What does this cause?
Hypoxemia
Pulmonary hypertension
V/Q
Vasospasm
What does pulmonary hypertension cause?
Veins in lungs has higher pressure causing right side of heart to enlarge and eventually right sided heart failure.
How can you have hypertensive pneumothorax?
It cannot exist
What is the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax?
Leptosomatic individuals with bula(e) - (blister) may burst and escapes into pleural space
As a result of pleural infection, what is the name when pleura gets thick and hard?
Pachypleuritis
What can cause a transudative pleural effusion?
Malnutrition - blood doesnt have enough proteins and water in blood will osmosis into pleura
-cardiacfailure - hydrostatic pressure of vessels in pleura is too low
What is the condition when patients can’t breathe properly in the prone position?
Orthopnea
