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ANPH & PATH > PATH - Respiratory > Flashcards

PATH - Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is ARDS?

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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2
Q

What is pneumonitis?

A

Inflammation of lung tissue

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3
Q

Bronchiolitis vs bronchitis?

Which is worse?

A

Bronchiole inflammation

Bronchi inflammation

Bronchiolitis is worse because lumen of bronchioles are smaller than the bronchi, so inflammation can block easier

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4
Q

Most common cause of bronchitis?

A

Smoking

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5
Q

What is lung emphysema?

A

Abnormally large permanent airspace created when alveolar walls are destroyed

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6
Q

How many types of lung emphysema are there?

Names?

A

3

Paraseptal

Panacinar

Centriacinar

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7
Q

What is atelactasis?

How many types?

A

The collapse of alveoli

3

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8
Q

When fluid bewteen pleural membranes of lungs?

A

Pleural effusion

I.e. empyema, hemothorax

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9
Q

Most comments way to developers lung abscess?

A

Pneumonia

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10
Q

What 3 things can happen to a lung abscess?

A

Vomica
Scar due to healing
Empyema

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11
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

Why does it occur?

A

Permanent dilation of the bronchi or segments of bronchi

From damaged respiratory epithelium and muscular layer death

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12
Q

What patients have lots of bronchiectasis?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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13
Q

What kind of lesions are produced by mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Caseous granulomas

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14
Q

What kind of carcinoma occurs at pleural level due to exposure to asbestos?

A

Mesothelioma

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15
Q

If a lesion in the chest wall allows air to enter plural space and cant escape?

When it can escape?

When its blood Instead of air?

A

Tension pneumothorax

Normal pneumothorax

Hemothorax

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16
Q

What is a chlyothorax?

Why would someone develope chlyothorax?

A

Accumulation of lymphatic fluid in pleural space

When lymphatic vessels have been broken

17
Q

What is a flail chest?

A

A floating piece of thorax
Result of double consecutive fractures of ribs
Causes paradoxical movement

18
Q

What happens when air has low O2 content?

What does this cause?

A

Hypoxemia

Pulmonary hypertension
V/Q
Vasospasm

19
Q

What does pulmonary hypertension cause?

A

Veins in lungs has higher pressure causing right side of heart to enlarge and eventually right sided heart failure.

20
Q

How can you have hypertensive pneumothorax?

A

It cannot exist

21
Q

What is the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

Leptosomatic individuals with bula(e) - (blister) may burst and escapes into pleural space

22
Q

As a result of pleural infection, what is the name when pleura gets thick and hard?

A

Pachypleuritis

23
Q

What can cause a transudative pleural effusion?

A

Malnutrition - blood doesnt have enough proteins and water in blood will osmosis into pleura

-cardiacfailure - hydrostatic pressure of vessels in pleura is too low

24
Q

What is the condition when patients can’t breathe properly in the prone position?

A

Orthopnea

25
Q

Condition when person awakes in anguish with difficulty breathing?

A

Peroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

26
Q

Thick Yellow sputum when spit out?

A

Purulent sputum

- purulent = pus containing

27
Q

If sputum has blood in it?

A

Hematic couching (hemoptysis)

28
Q

Condition - Kids cough sounds like a seal?

A

Laryngeal croup - Laryngotracheal bronchitis

29
Q

What is pneumoconiosis?

A

Fibrotic disorder caused by chronic inhalation of nano/micro-particulates

30
Q

Fibrosis in the lungs will never go away?

A

True

31
Q

Condition when baby lacks surfactant factor?

A

Hyaline membrane disease

3 months premature and earlier

32
Q

People with chronic bronchitis referred to as?

A

Blue bloaters

33
Q

What are the COPDs?

A

Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma

34
Q

Aside from TB, what is the other granuloma causing disease?

A

Sarcoidosis- an autoimmune disease

35
Q

Continuous rising of partial pressure of oxygen is an alarming warning sign in asmatic crisis, I dictating respiratory failure is imminent?

A

False- if it was asking about carbon dioxide. It would be true.

36
Q

Condition of severe bronchospasm with increased mucous that doesnt respond to treatment?

A

Status asthmaticus

37
Q

Name of the substance missing in patients with primary emphysema?

A

Alpha antitrypsin

38
Q

Why do smokers develop emphysema?

A

Chemicals in smoke damage cells that produce alpha antitrypsin

39
Q

CAP(community acquired pneumonia) vs. Nosocomial pneumonia?

A

Nonocomial is hospital acquired, it is usually harder to treat due to immunocompromised patients in hospital and could be caused by antibiotic resistant bacter

ANPH & PATH (13 decks)

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