ANPH - Cells, Chemical Basis Of Life, Tissue CH 3-9

Question 1

What do you call a typical cell?

Answer 1

Composite cell

Question 2

What kind of organelle is the nucleus?

Answer 2

Membranous organelle

Question 3

What does the word organelle mean?

Answer 3

Small organ

Question 4

Where is the golgi apparatus geographically?

Answer 4

Beside the endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane

Question 5

How does communication occur in the cell?

Answer 5

Through the cytoskeleton

Question 6

What makes up a phospholipid?

Answer 6

Glycerol backbone with phosphate attachment and 2 fatty acid tails. Tails are hydrophobic, and phosphate is hydrophilic

Question 7

Hydrophobic vs hydrophilic

Answer 7

Hydrophobic - hates water

Hydrophilic - loves water

Question 8

Cell membrane mainly made of?

Answer 8

Phospholipid bilayer - semi permeable

Question 9

2 examples of non-membranous organelles?

Answer 9

Ribosomes and proteasome

Question 10

Cell pumps and channels are made of ..?

Answer 10

Protiens

Question 11

What’s on outside of cell?

Answer 11

IMP - integral membrane protiens

Question 12

What increases cell membrane’s ability to withstand heat and overall strength?

Answer 12

Cholestral

Question 13

What increases membrane permeability to water?

Answer 13

Aquaporins - only water can use

Question 14

Which IMPs sense hormones?

Answer 14

Hormone receptors

Question 15

What is the endoplasmic reticulum called in muscle cells?

What does is metabolize?

Answer 15

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Calcium

Question 16

What type of RNA brings info from nucleus to ribosomes?

Answer 16

Messenger RNA

Question 17

When substances leave from the golgi apparatus what do they leave in?

Answer 17

Vesicle

Question 18

How do vesicles move to cell membrane?

Answer 18

Nanobots move them across cytoskeleton

Question 19

What is the smooth ER for?

Answer 19

Synthesizes special lipids or carbohydrates to attach to a protein coming g from Rough ER . Makes some non-active protiens into active ones

Question 20

Describe ribosomes?

Answer 20

Non-membranous structure made of large subunits.
MRNA enter though one side and exits the other.
Replicative RNA that is part of the structure of ribosomes, put together amino- acids to fabricate proteins.
E its hole at bottom of the large subunit.

Question 21

What Type of organelle is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 21

Membranous tube

Question 22

What type of organelle is the mitochondria?

Common name for it?

Name of twisting inner membrane?

Answer 22

Membranous organelle

Cell “power plant”

Cristae of mitochondria

Question 23

What type of organelle is a lysosomal?

Another name?

Function?

Answer 23

Membranous organelle

Cell “digestive system”

Breaks down complex molecules into simple ones. Broken down material go to ER

Question 24

When a cell performs phagocytosis, what is the vesicle called?

Answer 24

Phagosome

Question 25

What happens to phagosomes?

Answer 25

Fuses with lysosomal to become Phagolysosome enzymes. Lysosomes break down contents of phagolysosome

Question 26

What happens to damaged cell parts?

Answer 26

They get digested by lysosomes and the material is recycled.

Question 27

Name of residues that are eliminated by cell?

Answer 27

Residual body

Question 28

What is necessary for protien to be active?

Answer 28

Proper folding

Question 29

3 factors that co tribute to enzyme efficiency?

Answer 29

PH level Temperature Necessary Cofactors (vitamins, minerals)

Question 30

What happens to wrongly programmed proteasome? Parts of the proteasome?

Answer 30

Cause disease Misfolded proteins accumulate and impede function of other proteins 2 caps and a middle peice

Question 31

Peroxisomes are found? Why named?

Answer 31

Liver, gallbladder Has peroxide

Question 32

Name of sugar combustion in mitochondria?

Answer 32

KREBS cycle, or citric acid cycle

Question 33

When sugar combustion happens without O2 in cytoplasm? How many ATP? Type of reaction with O2? How many ATP?

Answer 33

Anaerobic Glycolysis 2 ATP Aerobic Glycolysis through KREBS cycle 6ATP (SLOWER)

Question 34

How does the nucleus communicate with the mitochondria?

Answer 34

It doesnt

Question 35

What triggers energy production in mitochondria?

Answer 35

Oxidation Reduction

Question 36

What is the role of the nucleosus?

Answer 36

Produces RNA

Question 37

Nucleus pores called?

Answer 37

NPCs - Nuclear Pore Complex

Question 38

What is chromatin?

Answer 38

Strands of complete DNA chains

Question 39

What are chromosomes?

Answer 39

Strands of complete DNA chains that are coiled up

Question 40

When does DNA coil into chromosomes?

Answer 40

Just prior to the beginning of mitosis

Question 41

What is the role of free ribosomes?

Answer 41

To make proteins for domestic use in the cell

Question 42

What are microvilae?

Answer 42

Smaller vilae on top of vilae

Question 43

What cells have flagella?

Answer 43

Sperm cells

Question 44

What is a Desmosome?

Answer 44

Type of cellular attachments

Question 45

What are gap junctions?

Answer 45

Type of desmosome that forms gaps or tunnels that join the cytoplasm of two cells. Typical organ that has them is the heart

Question 46

What are tight junctions?

Answer 46

Connects cells together tightly to not allow molecules to pass through. Typically found in intestines

Question 47

What are elements made of?

Answer 47

Atoms

Question 48

Define a compound?

Answer 48

Combination of more than one element

Question 49

Tyoe of charge for Neutrons? Protons? Electrons?

Answer 49

Neutral Positive Negative

Question 50

Atomic number is?

Answer 50

Number of protons

Question 51

Atomic weight is?

Answer 51

Protons + neutrons

Question 52

Selenium

Answer 52

Se

Question 53

Flourine

Answer 53

F

Question 54

Cobalt

Answer 54

Co

Question 55

Copper

Answer 55

Cu

Question 56

Silver

Answer 56

Ag

Question 57

Gold

Answer 57

Au

Question 58

Zinc

Answer 58

Zn

Question 59

Chromium

Answer 59

Cr

Question 60

Modern name for orbit?

Answer 60

Cloud

Question 61

Stable atoms are?

Answer 61

Ions with equal amount of electrons and protons

Question 62

Octet rule?

Answer 62

Fewer or more than 8 electrons in outer cloud, will attempt to lose or gain electrons

Question 63

Carbon has how many electrons?

Answer 63

2 In inner cloud | 6 in outer cloud

Question 64

What type of gas is nitrogen?

Answer 64

Inert gas

Question 65

What is an isotope?

Answer 65

Different number of neutrons

Question 66

What will ionizing radiation do to molecules?

Answer 66

Knock off electrons from outermost shell

Question 67

Covalent bond?

Answer 67

Shares electrons between molecules

Question 68

Are hydrogen bonds easy to separate?

Answer 68

Yes

Question 69

Properties of H2O

Answer 69

Polar molecules because it is an excellent solvent

Question 70

Synthese reaction

Answer 70

2 or more elements create a compound

Question 71

Exchange reaction

Answer 71

2 separate compounds react and form 2 novel compounds. AB + CD = AC +BD

Question 72

When a polymer decomposes it becomes?

Answer 72

Multiple monomers

Question 73

Most frequent biological enzyme for decomposition?

Answer 73

Hydrolytic enzymes

Question 74

Most common human monosaccharides?

Answer 74

Glucose - C6H12O6

Question 75

Metabolism?

Answer 75

Sum total of all reaction s in the body

Question 76

End products of metabolisms?

Answer 76

Carbon dioxide, water, energy

Question 77

Organic compound?

Answer 77

Carbon attached to carbon or carbon attached to hydrogen

Question 78

Why is water organic?

Answer 78

No carbon

Question 79

When something dissolves into water is becomes?

Answer 79

Ions - electrolytes, they conduct electricity

Question 80

What is a buffer?

Answer 80

Attempts to drive pH level to 7. Neutralizer

Question 81

How do cells try to avoid harm?

Answer 81

Adaptation