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year 5-paedatrics > PASTest > Flashcards

PASTest Flashcards

1
Q

management of Erb’s palsy?

A

physiotherapy
Management is physiotherapy involvement, and exercises are given to the parents to help strengthen the arm. Erb’s palsy is self-resolving

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2
Q

baby check all normal except for slightly reduced tone in the left arm and reduced Moro reflex on the left.

what is this?

A

Erb’s palsy

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3
Q

severe haemophilia A management?

A

factor VIII

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4
Q

haemophilia B management?

A

factor IX

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5
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

X-linked recessive disease
proximal weakness

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6
Q

Myotonic Muscular dystrophy

A

progressive muscle weakness

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7
Q

in cases of child sexual abuse

presenting to GP what do you do?

A

refer urgently for forensic exam
refer to social services
and safeguarding

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8
Q

what is achondroplasia?

A

Activation of the fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) receptor

short limbs/stature
big head

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9
Q

Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene cause

A

Marfan syndrome

reduced elasticity

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10
Q

klumpke palsy

A

claw hand
trauma to lower end of brachial plexus

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11
Q

what nerves are damaged in erb’s palsy?

A

musculocutaneous
radial
axillary

The muscles supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve [C5, 6 (and 7)], the radial nerve [C5, 6 (7, 8 and T1)] and the axillary nerve (C5, 6) are paralysed.

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12
Q

audible wheeze, cough and unilateral wheeze on auscultation

otherwise well child no past illness points to?

A

inhaled foreign body

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13
Q

otitis media with effusion

A

conductive hearing loss
bacteria can esily get in to kids ears

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14
Q

pavlik harness complications?

A

<6 month try splint first

Avascular necrosis
femoral nerve palsy

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15
Q

5 year old with chickenpox

very clinically unwell
how to manage?

A

IV fluclox and IV aciclovir

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16
Q

newborn respiratory distress syndrome?

A

prematurity
diabetes in mother is a risk factor

17
Q

elevated maternla anti-dsdna and anti-nuclear antibody would mean what in newborn?

A

potential conduction heart block

18
Q

social anxiety in young children how to manage?

A

group / individual CBT

19
Q

retinoblastoma
leucocoria
absent red reflex

A

RB1 gene on chromosome 13

100% survival with treatment but risk of secondary cancers

20
Q

harsh systolic murmur - left sternal border
cyanotic
clubbing of fingers

A

right ventricular hypertrophy

21
Q

child protection plan

A

children at significant risk of harm

22
Q

double bubble sign - trisomy 21
bilious vomit

A

duodenal atresia

23
Q

intracerebral haemorrhage in a neonate - home birth
why?

A

vitamin K deficiency

24
Q

what is osgood-schlatter?

A

apophysitis caused by traction which results in numerous microscopic fractures

at the tibial tuberosity

before ossification is complete

25
Q

self harm in a teen how to manage?

A

CBT
medication is not first line as the intervention to reduce self self

26
Q

deficiency in homogenestic acid oxidase

A

alkaptounria

brown/black discolouration of urine

27
Q

excess ____ = in urine
must odour of skin and hair due to ____

A

phenylketonuria
> excess in urine
> accumulation

28
Q

what is a deficiency that affects _____ synthesis?

A

porphyria
acute / cutaneous (abdo pain, psych symptoms, breath problems)

29
Q

what is henoch-schonlein purpura?

A

small vessel vasculitis -
IgA deposits in small vessels of the skin and GI, kidneys
= palpable purpura, arthralgia, abdo pain/renal involvement

30
Q

viral URTI how to differ from Bronchiolitis?

A

bronch more common in <18
also if there is wheeze / signficant resp compromise it is not viral URTI

31
Q

what can sometimes present bleeding problems with normal haematological values?

A

Connective tissue disease - Ehler’s danlos

ocular/ cutaneous haemorrhages, hypermobile joints, increased skin elasticity

32
Q

infantile pyloric stenosis presentation in A&E

A

hypokalaemic hypocholermic alkalosis

33
Q

second most common paediatric malignancy

A

ependymoma

34
Q

most common intracranial tumour in adults?

A

glioblastoma

35
Q

where is a cystic hygroma commonly found?

A

lymphatic collection in left posterior triangle of the neck

36
Q

what is important for the differentiate of external genitalia?

A

dihydrotestosterone
testosterone for developing male repro system

absence of 5a reductase can lead to feminisation of tissues

37
Q

conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia management

A

phototherapy - single

urseodeoxycholic acid - reduces serum bilirubin

year 5-paedatrics (18 decks)

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