PASTest

Question 1

management of Erb’s palsy?

Answer 1

physiotherapy
Management is physiotherapy involvement, and exercises are given to the parents to help strengthen the arm. Erb’s palsy is self-resolving

Question 2

baby check all normal except for slightly reduced tone in the left arm and reduced Moro reflex on the left.

what is this?

Answer 2

Erb’s palsy

Question 3

severe haemophilia A management?

Answer 3

factor VIII

Question 4

haemophilia B management?

Answer 4

factor IX

Question 5

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 5

X-linked recessive disease
proximal weakness

Question 6

Myotonic Muscular dystrophy

Answer 6

progressive muscle weakness

Question 7

in cases of child sexual abuse

presenting to GP what do you do?

Answer 7

refer urgently for forensic exam
refer to social services
and safeguarding

Question 8

what is achondroplasia?

Answer 8

Activation of the fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) receptor

short limbs/stature
big head

Question 9

Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene cause

Answer 9

Marfan syndrome

reduced elasticity

Question 10

klumpke palsy

Answer 10

claw hand
trauma to lower end of brachial plexus

Question 11

what nerves are damaged in erb’s palsy?

Answer 11

musculocutaneous
radial
axillary

The muscles supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve [C5, 6 (and 7)], the radial nerve [C5, 6 (7, 8 and T1)] and the axillary nerve (C5, 6) are paralysed.

Question 12

audible wheeze, cough and unilateral wheeze on auscultation

otherwise well child no past illness points to?

Answer 12

inhaled foreign body

Question 13

otitis media with effusion

Answer 13

conductive hearing loss
bacteria can esily get in to kids ears

Question 14

pavlik harness complications?

Answer 14

<6 month try splint first

Avascular necrosis
femoral nerve palsy

Question 15

5 year old with chickenpox

very clinically unwell
how to manage?

Answer 15

IV fluclox and IV aciclovir

Question 16

newborn respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 16

prematurity
diabetes in mother is a risk factor

Question 17

elevated maternla anti-dsdna and anti-nuclear antibody would mean what in newborn?

Answer 17

potential conduction heart block

Question 18

social anxiety in young children how to manage?

Answer 18

group / individual CBT

Question 19

retinoblastoma
leucocoria
absent red reflex

Answer 19

RB1 gene on chromosome 13

100% survival with treatment but risk of secondary cancers

Question 20

harsh systolic murmur - left sternal border
cyanotic
clubbing of fingers

Answer 20

right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 21

child protection plan

Answer 21

children at significant risk of harm

Question 22

double bubble sign - trisomy 21
bilious vomit

Answer 22

duodenal atresia

Question 23

intracerebral haemorrhage in a neonate - home birth
why?

Answer 23

vitamin K deficiency

Question 24

what is osgood-schlatter?

Answer 24

apophysitis caused by traction which results in numerous microscopic fractures

at the tibial tuberosity

before ossification is complete

Question 25

self harm in a teen how to manage?

Answer 25

CBT medication is not first line as the intervention to reduce self self

Question 26

deficiency in homogenestic acid oxidase

Answer 26

alkaptounria brown/black discolouration of urine

Question 27

excess ____ = in urine must odour of skin and hair due to ____

Answer 27

phenylketonuria > excess in urine > accumulation

Question 28

what is a deficiency that affects _____ synthesis?

Answer 28

porphyria acute / cutaneous (abdo pain, psych symptoms, breath problems)

Question 29

what is henoch-schonlein purpura?

Answer 29

small vessel vasculitis - IgA deposits in small vessels of the skin and GI, kidneys = palpable purpura, arthralgia, abdo pain/renal involvement

Question 30

viral URTI how to differ from Bronchiolitis?

Answer 30

bronch more common in <18 also if there is wheeze / signficant resp compromise it is not viral URTI

Question 31

what can sometimes present bleeding problems with normal haematological values?

Answer 31

Connective tissue disease - Ehler's danlos ocular/ cutaneous haemorrhages, hypermobile joints, increased skin elasticity

Question 32

infantile pyloric stenosis presentation in A&E

Answer 32

hypokalaemic hypocholermic alkalosis

Question 33

second most common paediatric malignancy

Answer 33

ependymoma

Question 34

most common intracranial tumour in adults?

Answer 34

glioblastoma

Question 35

where is a cystic hygroma commonly found?

Answer 35

lymphatic collection in left posterior triangle of the neck

Question 36

what is important for the differentiate of external genitalia?

Answer 36

dihydrotestosterone testosterone for developing male repro system absence of 5a reductase can lead to feminisation of tissues

Question 37

conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia management

Answer 37

phototherapy - single urseodeoxycholic acid - reduces serum bilirubin