infection and immunity Flashcards
immunisation schedule
6 in 1?
diphetheria,
tetanus,
whooping cough,
polio,
Hib and
hepatitis B
2 month!!
3 months!!
Men B vaccine schedule?
2, 4, 12,13 months
4 in 1 pre shcool?
diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and polio
3/4 years old
MMR
12 month
3/4
caput succedaneum does not cross suture lines?
false it does
localised oedema
Amber signs for circulation and hydration in an unwell feverish child
tachycardia which is defined as
>160 in less than 1 year old
>150 upto 2 year old
>140 if 2-5
poor feeding
reduced urine output
dry mucus membrane
crt >3s
Red sign in feverish child
circulation and hydration
reduced skin turgor
Red sign in feverish child respiratory
grunting
RR>60
chest indrawing
Amber sign - feverish child
Respiratory
nasal flaring
tachypnoea >50
>40
oxygen sats of 95
crackles in chest
Red sign- feverish child
Colour
pale
mottled
ashen
blue
when should you consider hospital admission if amber signs ?
<3 months UTI with no other focus
no underlying cause of fever
test for UTI
CXR
consider LP <12months
malaria management?
uncomplicated
Artemisinin combination therapy
chloroquinine
hydroxychloroquine
rash
cough
fever
conjunctivitis
measles
what was the autism link to vaccines?
wakefield study - poorly designed
small sample size 12
complications of measles
pneumonia
encephalitis
SSPE - subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
symptomatic paracetamol / ibruprofen dose
10-15mg/kg
5-10mg/kg
what is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
rare
severe
blistering skin disorder
exotoxin causes this to occur
mx of SSSS?
hospital admission
mx is staph aureus antibiotic flucloxacillin
analgesia
emollient
iv fluids
parovirus b19
associated with?
aplastic anaemia
so sometimes you need RBC transfusion
scarlet fever management?
cause?
group A streptoccous pyogenes
10 days phenoxymethylpenicillin
how is the measles rash described?
macular (flat) red (exanthema)
what does a rubella infection present like?
low grade fever
sore throat
rash that starts on face > body
spotty red rash
lymphadenopathy may precede
kawasaki management?
IVIG
high dose aspirin
2nd line is steroids and infliximab (inhibits tnf-alpha)
do an Echo - coronary artery aneurysm (high risk then give aspirin and warfarin treatment maybe)
acute otitis media
what is it?
painful ear infection
bacetrial superinfection with streptoccus pneumoniae
h influenzae
moraxella catarrhalis following a URT viral
signs / symptoms of acute otitis media?
otalgia
fever
anorexia
middle ear inflammation signs
erythema / bulging tympanic membrane
mx of acute otitis media?
if mild - supportive
otherwise amoxicillin
how is sinusitis managed?
reassure <10 days (usually viral)
high dose intranasal steroid
consider backup abx