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Year 5-Paedatrics > Difficult topic review > Flashcards

Difficult topic review Flashcards

1
Q

when is the normal age for responsive smile?

A

6-8 weeks

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2
Q

what is the reference range for the corrected age? if premature

A

40 weeks

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3
Q

what age do you play with others?

A

4

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4
Q

what age contently play alone?

A

18 months

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5
Q

immediate referral in bronch when?

A

apnoea
seriously unwell (healthcare professional)
severe respiratory distress
central cyanosis
oxygen sat <92%

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6
Q

gastroschisis

A

congenital visceral malformation

defect in anterior abdomen just lateral to umbilical cord

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7
Q

omphalocoele defn

A

also known as exomphalos
abdominal contents protrude through anterior abdominal wall
but are covered in an amniotic sac

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8
Q

gastroschisis

associated with?

A

low SES
maternal age <20
maternal alcohol / tobacco

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9
Q

palmar grasp?

A

6 months

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10
Q

early pincer

A

9 months

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11
Q

good pincer

A

12 month

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12
Q

circular scribble?

A

18 months

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13
Q

hand foot and mouth disease is caused by

A

coxsackie a16

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14
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphyses
mx?

A

sufe

internal fixation

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15
Q

what does a PDA murmur sound like?

A

machinery murmur at upper left sternal edge

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16
Q

hypoglycaemia in neonate signs

A

visible jittery
reduced foetal movements

irritible

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17
Q

neonatal hypoglycaemia

A

‘inability to regulate glucose / reduced glycogen stores’

a pre-term infant will not yet develop the same glycogen reserves - prematurity

tertubtaline
maternal DM
IUGR
hypothermia
neonatal sepsis

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18
Q

mx of neonatal hypoglycaemia

A

admit
IV infusion 10% dextrose

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19
Q

whooping cough
caused by?

confirmed by? why this?

A

bordetella pertussis

per nasal swab
adheres strongly to ciliated epithelial cells high in nasopharynx

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20
Q

whooping cough vaccine

A

gram negative
2,3,4 months
3-5 years

21
Q

whooping cough features

A

catarrhal phase

paroxymal phase
vomitng
central cyanosis
inspiratory cough

convalescent phase

22
Q

mx of whooping cough

A

macrolide

23
Q

GDPP

A

central precocious puberty
levels of fsh and lh HIGH
testes size LARGE

24
Q

GIPP

A

symptoms caused by increase sex hormones
testosterone
leads to suppression of LH
FSH

adrenal hyperplasia

25
Q

alprostadil

A

prostaglandin e1

26
Q

neck masess

thyroglossal

A

located in anterior triangle

derived from throglossal duct

thin walled and anechoic on USS

27
Q

neck masses
branchial cyst

A

anterior to sternocleidomastoid

anechoic on USS

28
Q

dermoid cyst

A

derived from pluripotent stem cells
suprahyoid location

heterogenous appearance

29
Q

ladds procedure

A

intestinal malrotation with volvulus

30
Q

achrondoplasia
associated with what physical features?

A

macrocephaly
frontal bossing

31
Q

what can be a cause of microcephaly?

A

foetal alcohol syndrome
trisomy 13
18
21

32
Q

chickenpox mx?

A

topical calamine lotion

33
Q

scabies mx?

A

permethrin

34
Q

Spastic cerebral palsy where would damage be?

A

UMN in the periventricular white matter

35
Q

hypertonia is a sign of damage wherE?

A

UMN sign

36
Q

13 month unable to pull to stand
lower limb is showing hypertonia

A

spastic cerebral palsy

37
Q

dyskinetic cerebral palsy
damage to where?

A

basal ganglia / substantia nigra

> athetoid movements oromotor problems

38
Q

cerebellar signs?

A

dysdiadokinesia
ataxia
nystagmus
speech
intention tremor
hypotonia

39
Q

reflux nephropathy

A

vesicouretral reflux
valve problem

backflow of urine from bladder into ureter and / or kidney

ix? micturating cystourethrogram

40
Q

management of necrotising enterocolitis

A

total gut rest
TPN
perforations need laparotomy

41
Q

how is hirschsprung diagnosed?
mx>?

A

full thickness rectal biopsy
rectal washouts

42
Q

ladd’s procedure is for what?

A

intestinal malroatation

43
Q

ramstedt procedure is to manage?

A

pyloric stenosis
non bile vomit projectile

44
Q

what is the difference between osmotic and stimulant laxatives?

A

movicol paediatric plain is an osmotic laxative. these help as the stools tend to be hardened

45
Q

Ebstein anomaly associated with ___
what is it?

A

maternal lithium use

posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced anteriorly towards the apex of the right ventricle

= tricuspid regurgitation
stenosis

46
Q

sepsis in kids

A

vitals are similar to adults but you should account for age

47
Q

head injury - urgent CT scan request?

A

LOC lasting more than 5 minutes
amnesia
abnormal drowsiness
3 or more discrete vomiting episodes
NAI
seizure
GCS<14

48
Q

dangerous mechanism of injury?

A

high speed road traffic injury

fall from height >3m
high speed injury from a projectile

49
Q

constipation NICE guidelines

A

polyethene gycol 3350+electrolytes (movicol paediatric plain)
(osmotic laxative)

+ senna - stimulant
after 2 weeks

stop MPP

Year 5-Paedatrics (18 decks)

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