Difficult topic review Flashcards
when is the normal age for responsive smile?
6-8 weeks
what is the reference range for the corrected age? if premature
40 weeks
what age do you play with others?
4
what age contently play alone?
18 months
immediate referral in bronch when?
apnoea
seriously unwell (healthcare professional)
severe respiratory distress
central cyanosis
oxygen sat <92%
gastroschisis
congenital visceral malformation
defect in anterior abdomen just lateral to umbilical cord
omphalocoele defn
also known as exomphalos
abdominal contents protrude through anterior abdominal wall
but are covered in an amniotic sac
gastroschisis
associated with?
low SES
maternal age <20
maternal alcohol / tobacco
palmar grasp?
6 months
early pincer
9 months
good pincer
12 month
circular scribble?
18 months
hand foot and mouth disease is caused by
coxsackie a16
Slipped capital femoral epiphyses
mx?
sufe
internal fixation
what does a PDA murmur sound like?
machinery murmur at upper left sternal edge
hypoglycaemia in neonate signs
visible jittery
reduced foetal movements
irritible
neonatal hypoglycaemia
‘inability to regulate glucose / reduced glycogen stores’
a pre-term infant will not yet develop the same glycogen reserves - prematurity
tertubtaline
maternal DM
IUGR
hypothermia
neonatal sepsis
mx of neonatal hypoglycaemia
admit
IV infusion 10% dextrose
whooping cough
caused by?
confirmed by? why this?
bordetella pertussis
per nasal swab
adheres strongly to ciliated epithelial cells high in nasopharynx
whooping cough vaccine
gram negative
2,3,4 months
3-5 years
whooping cough features
catarrhal phase
paroxymal phase
vomitng
central cyanosis
inspiratory cough
convalescent phase
mx of whooping cough
macrolide
GDPP
central precocious puberty
levels of fsh and lh HIGH
testes size LARGE
GIPP
symptoms caused by increase sex hormones
testosterone
leads to suppression of LH
FSH
adrenal hyperplasia
alprostadil
prostaglandin e1
neck masess
thyroglossal
located in anterior triangle
derived from throglossal duct
thin walled and anechoic on USS
neck masses
branchial cyst
anterior to sternocleidomastoid
anechoic on USS
dermoid cyst
derived from pluripotent stem cells
suprahyoid location
heterogenous appearance
ladds procedure
intestinal malrotation with volvulus
achrondoplasia
associated with what physical features?
macrocephaly
frontal bossing
what can be a cause of microcephaly?
foetal alcohol syndrome
trisomy 13
18
21
chickenpox mx?
topical calamine lotion
scabies mx?
permethrin
Spastic cerebral palsy where would damage be?
UMN in the periventricular white matter
hypertonia is a sign of damage wherE?
UMN sign
13 month unable to pull to stand
lower limb is showing hypertonia
spastic cerebral palsy
dyskinetic cerebral palsy
damage to where?
basal ganglia / substantia nigra
> athetoid movements oromotor problems
cerebellar signs?
dysdiadokinesia
ataxia
nystagmus
speech
intention tremor
hypotonia
reflux nephropathy
vesicouretral reflux
valve problem
backflow of urine from bladder into ureter and / or kidney
ix? micturating cystourethrogram
management of necrotising enterocolitis
total gut rest
TPN
perforations need laparotomy
how is hirschsprung diagnosed?
mx>?
full thickness rectal biopsy
rectal washouts
ladd’s procedure is for what?
intestinal malroatation
ramstedt procedure is to manage?
pyloric stenosis
non bile vomit projectile
what is the difference between osmotic and stimulant laxatives?
movicol paediatric plain is an osmotic laxative. these help as the stools tend to be hardened
Ebstein anomaly associated with ___
what is it?
maternal lithium use
posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced anteriorly towards the apex of the right ventricle
= tricuspid regurgitation
stenosis
sepsis in kids
vitals are similar to adults but you should account for age
head injury - urgent CT scan request?
LOC lasting more than 5 minutes
amnesia
abnormal drowsiness
3 or more discrete vomiting episodes
NAI
seizure
GCS<14
dangerous mechanism of injury?
high speed road traffic injury
fall from height >3m
high speed injury from a projectile
constipation NICE guidelines
polyethene gycol 3350+electrolytes (movicol paediatric plain)
(osmotic laxative)
+ senna - stimulant
after 2 weeks
stop MPP
