passmed 16/05 Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral palsy how to manage pain and spasticity in legs?

A

oral diazepam
baclofen - muscle relaxant

inhibits release of excitatory neurotransmitters

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2
Q

spastic cerebral palsy where is the lesion?

A

UMN
spastic: hemiplegia, diplegia /quadriplegia

increase tone

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3
Q

athetoid movements and oro-motor problems - lip smacking etc is?

A

dyskinetic cerebral palsy
> damage to basal ganglia and substantia nigra

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4
Q

cerebereller signs in CP

A

ataxic
cerebellum damaged

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5
Q

how can you manage spasticity?

A

oral diazepam
intrathecal baclofem
botulinum toxin type a
orthopaedic surgery

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6
Q

tet of fallot what signifies severity?

A

degree of pulmonary stenosis

whichh is the right ventricular outflow obstruction determining cyanosis

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7
Q

TOF 4 defects are?

A

ventricular septal defect

right ventricular hypertrophy

right ventricular outflow obstruction(pulmonary stenosis)

overriding aorta

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8
Q

ebstein anomaly

A

tricuspid valve leaflets are attached to walls of and septum of right ventricle

lithium use in first trimester is risk fcator

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9
Q

characteristics of nephrotic syndrome?

A

proteinuria
hypoalbuminaemia
oedema

hyperlipidaemia
hypercoagulable state
predisposition to infection

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10
Q

continuous machinery murmur?

A

PDA

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11
Q

do innocent murmurs vary with position?

A

YES

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12
Q

if patient has a pulse of 30 bpm
do you start CPR?

if unconscious

A

yes
15 chest compression to 2 breaths

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13
Q

croup is caused by ?

what does it sound like?
management?

A

parainfluenza virus

barking cough - inspiratory stridor

give dexamethosone and if anything other than mild admit

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14
Q

intense paroxysmal cough followed by loud high pitched whopping sound?
hwo to manage?

A

whooping cough caused by bordetella pertussis

macrolide - 10 days

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15
Q

pyloric stenosis is the vomit bilious?

A

no it is not as it is from stomach - dummy

but meconium ileus > cystic fibrosis does have green vomit because it is small bowel obstruction

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15
Q

investigate : pyloric stenosis?
abg results?
management?

A

abdo uss
hypocholraemic hypokalaemia alkalosis
ramstedt pyloromyotomy

15
Q

what is expressivity?

A

difficult to predict likely impact as genotype affceting phenotypic expression is variable

16
Q

what is in the 6 in 1

A

diphtheria
tet
pertussis
polio
haemophilus
hep B

17
Q

severe croup how do you manage?

A

supplemental oxygen - and
nebulised adrenaline - vasoconstrict of upper airway

reduces airway edema and improves airflow

18
Q

laryngomalacia

A

Congenital abnormality of the larynx.

Infants typical present at 4 weeks of age with:
stridor

19
Q

Plagiocephaly

A

Plagiocephaly is a skull deformity producing unilateral occipital flattening, which pushes the ipsilateral forehead ear forwards producing a ‘parrallelogram’ appearance. The vast majority improve by age 3-5 due to the adoption of a more upright posture

20
Q

what scan for stable meckles diverticulum?

A

technetium scan

technetium-99m pertechnetate scan

21
Q

what does a positive raised level of immunoreactive trypsinogen mean?

A

CF suspicios do sweat test

is a pancreatic enzyme release when there is damage to pamcreas

22
Q

hand foot and mouth disease is caused by?

A

coxsackie a16 virus

23
fine punctate erythema sparing the area around the mouth
scarlet fever rahs erythrpgenic toxin from alpha haemolytic streptococci
24
fifth disease?
slapped cheek syndrome parovirus b19
25
what has a prodrom of fever, conjunctivits and fever? rubella or measles?
measles rubella pink maculopapular rash first presents on face then spreads
26
DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid) scan is a type of nuclear medicine imaging test that evaluates
identify kidney damage or scarring t
27
west syndrome?
infantile spasm /colic looking childhood epilepsy - serious EEg abnormal vigabtrin 1st line
28
simple febrile convulsion
tonic clonic focus of infection <15 minutes no reoccurence in 24 hours
29
Steroid therapy should be given to all children who have an asthma attack
salbutamol inhaler and 3 days prednisolone
30
what is a common complication of chickenpox?
secondary bacterial infection NSAIds can complicate this invasive group A streptococcal soft tissue sinfection = nectrosing fascitis
31
what WCC would suggest septic arthritis?
ESR >40 WCC>12
32
how to manage hypospadias?
surgical correction using foreskin remnants
33
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
The presence of the liver in the thoracic cavity is a poor prognostic factor for CDH
34