Past q from lab Flashcards
First step of Gr stain:
Crystal violet
Fixation of smear during Gr staining:
96% ethanol
Gr pos bacteria stain:
Purple
Gr neg bacteria stain
Pink
We can differentiate staphylococci from streptococci on the basis of oxidase production
False
Both negative
We can differentiate staphylococci from streptococci on the basis of catalase production
True
Staph: pos
Strep: neg
Equine strangles is caused by
Streptococcus equi ssp. equi
Morel disease of sheep is caused by
Staphylococcus aureus ssp. anaerobius
Staphylococcus can tolerate what NaCl concentration
up to 10%
Greasy pig disease is caused by
Staph hyicus
Staph aureus ssp anaerbius is catalase
Negative
Scarlet fever + Hu erysipelas is caused by
Strep pyogenes
Lactobacilli prefer pH
5.5-6.2
Staph aureus needs CO2 for capsule production?
False
No capsule
Lactobacilli is used for
Diary products
Strep is catalase/oxidase
Both neg
Which is more fastidious: strep or staph
Strep
E. rhusiopathiae found in
Su, Ov, Av, Hu
Listeria monocytogenes is catalase
Cat pos
E. rhusiopathiae morphology?
No thin rod/filament
L. monocytogenes is hemolytic bacterium
Beta-hemolytic
Nitrate ? Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains can infect sheep/goats?
Nitrate negative
E. rhusiopathiae flagellated?
False
L. monocytogenes gives what in Bo?
Abortion
Rhodococcus equi found in
Soil
R colonies of E. rhusiopathiae forms ? in broth
Sediment
L. monocytogenes has flagella at what temp
22 C
R. equi produces any pigment?
Pink pigment
Corynebact pseudotuberculosis Nitrate negative biotype infects
Cap/Ov
Equine ulcerative lymphadenitis caused by
C. pseudotuberculosis
Su erysipelas is caused by
E. rhusiopathiae
Corynebacterium diphteria causes disease in
Humans: diphteria
E. rhusiopathiae causes what in birds?
Septicaemia
E. rhusiopathiae S colonies form what in broth
Turbidity
Selective medium for E. rhusiopathiae
NaN3, CV
R. equi capsule, pigment
Both (pink pigment)
Corynebacterium diphteria can produce
Exotoxins
Main diseases of Listeria
Abortion, encephalitis, septicaemia
Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium has what type of colonies on solid medium?
Cream-like
Mycobacterium are what kind of fast bactera?
Acid and alcohol fast
What staining can be used on mycobacterium?
Ziehl-Neelsen
What causes human leprosy
M. leprae
Give flagella status of mycobacteria
Most have no flagella
Dermatophilus are found where on inf animals
Skin
Nocardia asteroides produces what pigment
Carotenoid: orange ish
What causes Bo lumpy jaw
Actinomyces bovis
Actinobaculum suis can cause what in pigs
Pyelonephritis
Trueperella pyogenes can cause what in Bo
Arthritis, mastitis
What colour are Ziehl-Neelsen positive bacteria
Pink
Give air requirements of Mycobacteria:
Obligate aerobic
Mycobacterium bovis incubation time
4-8 weeks
Nocardia asteroides is found
In soil
Give air requirements of nocardia asteroides
Obligate aerobic
Actinomyces hordeovulneris can cause what in dogs
Pericarditis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis forms what on broth surface
Thin film
Mycobacterium bovis forms what on broth surface
Islands
Infectious form of what bacteria is a zoospore
Dermatophilus
Mycobacterium is catalase
Neg
Enterobacteriaceae can be found
GI tract
Genital tract
Resp tract
Environment
Enterobacteriacea are gram
Neg
Give air requirements of Enterobacteriaceae
Aerobic or facultative anaerobic
Enterobacteria are oxi
Neg
What enterobacteriaceae are non-motile
Shigella, Klebsiella
MacConkey agar contains what carbon source
Lactose
E.coli strains fimbrial antigens swine
F4, 6, 18
E.coli strains fimbrial antigens cattle
F5, 17, 41
E.coli can cause what in calves?
Septicaemia
Bismuth sulfide agar is used to isolate
Salmonella
E.coli strains isolated from calf can
hemolysis
E.coli strains isolated from swine can
form capsule
E.coli can cause edema disease in
Weaned piglets
E.coli is indole
Pos
Salmonella are fastidious or nah
Nah
Salmonella enteritidis is subspecies or species
Subspecies
S. cholerasuis gives what disease in pigs
Paratyphoid
Y. pseudotuberculosis produces flagella at what temp
22 C
Give air requirements for Fusobacteria
Obligate anaerobic
Foot rot of sheep is caused by
D. nodus
F. Necrophorum ssp necroforum
Salmonella is found where
Gut, sewage, water, food
Salmonella OF test
Fermentative
Human typhus is caused by
Rickettsia
Y. enterocolitica causes cross-reaction with
Brucella sp: O9 serogroups
–> cell wall
Serratia Marescens produces what at low temp?
Pigment: RED
Fusobacteria need what during culturing?
CO2
What causes necrobacillosis
Fusobacterium necrophorum ssp necrophorum
What salmonellas don’t have flagella
S. gallinarum, S. pullorum
Optimal temp for Y. pseudotuberculosis
30 C
Y. pseudotuberculosis does not affect
Ca, Fe
How many salmonella species are there
2
Salmonella Enterica and Salmonella Bongori
P multocida hemolysis?
Nope
P. pneumotropica can cause what in lab rodents
Pneumonia
B. trehalosi causes what in feedlot lambs
Acute systemic pasteurellosis
Shipping fever in cattle is caused by
Mannheimia haemolytica
What is the causative agent for contagious equine metritis (CEM)?
Taylorella equigenitalis
Su hemorrhagic necrotic pleuropneumonia is caused bu
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
What is the causative agent of Glässer disease in piglets
Haemophilus parasuis
Histophilus somni needs what for culturing
CO2
Pasteurella members are found on what mucous membranes
Respiratory
Pasteurella cat/oxi
both pos
How many capsule types does P. multocida have
Five
Atrophic rhinitis in swine caused by
P. multocida D, Bordetella bronchiseptica
What low-selectivity agar can Mannheimia haemolytica grow on?
MacConkey
Actinobacillus equuli can cause what in adult horses?
Pyosepticaemia
Two things avibacterium paragallinarum needs during culturing?
CO2 and V-factor
Actinobacillus suis has what hemolysis on blood agar
Beta
What species is the most susceptible to Roemerella anatipestifer infection?
Water fowl
Which P. multocida causes sepitcaemia in Rabbit
A, D
Actinobacillus causes what hemolysis
None
A. pleuropneumoniae biotype 1 needs what for propagation
V-factor
ø CO2
O. rhinotracheale can be found on mm of where and in what animals
Respiratory tract
Turkey and chicken
Is pasteurella non-fastidious
Very fastidious
Cannot culture on nutrient broth or agar or MacConkey
How many cell wall antigens does P. multocida have in Heddleston and Namioka system
Heddleston: 16
Namioka: 11
P. multocida can cause fowl …?
Cholera
B. trehalosi can cause what in 4-10 month old lambs
Septicaemia
A. paragallinarium needs what for propagation
CO2 and V-factor
O. rhinotracheale wants how much CO2?
10%
P. multocida has a smell?
Yes, like chestnut
M. haemolytica causes what in Bo
Arthritis
Taylorella equigenitalis can be found where
Mm of stallion genitals and clitoris of mares
A. seminis can cause what disease?
Epididymitis
Pasteurellaceae are cat/oxi
Both pos
Ornithobact is Cat neg
Haemophilus influenzae causes what disease?
Hu upper resp tract disease
Meningitis
What can P. multocida D produce
Cytotoxin: dermonecrotoxin
Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi can produce
Leukotoxin
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae has two biotypes according to what?
V-factor demand
Which pasteurellas live in canine/feline oral cav and can give wound infections after biting?
P. canis
P. dagmatis
P. stomatis
Porcine polyserositis is what
Glässer disease
Haemophilus parasuis
What is the causative agent of infectious coryza of hens
Avibacterium paragallinarum
Pasteurella spp have what type of gram staining
Bipolar Gr-
What colour are Köster pos bacteria
Red
What conc sulphuric acid is used in Köster staining?
0.5%
Give air requirements of Brucella melitensis
Obligate aerobic
What pigments are produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Piocyanine and Fluorescein
What is the causative agent of tularaemia
Francisella tularensis
Bordetella bronchiseptica can cause what in Rabbits
Pneumonia
Brucella can be stained by what special stain?
Köster
What conc safranin is used in Köster
3%
Give air requirements of Brucella
Obligate aerobic
Also needs CO2
Glanders is caused by…?
Burkholderia mallei
Give flagella status in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1 polar flagella
Francisella needs what for culturing
Cysteine or cystine
Brucella can be found
In infected animals and their direct environment only
Brucella S-colonies
B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis
Brucella R-colonies
B. ovis, B. canis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause what in fur animals?
Septicaemia
Aeromonas hydrophila optimal temp
28 flagella
Aeromonas salmonicida optimal temp
20
Aeromonas salmonicida pigment
Dark brown
Aeromonas salmonicida causes what
Furunculosis
Moraxella ovis in smear
Cocci in pairs
Is B. ovis a zoonosis
Nem
Is B. mallei widespread in environment
No but B. pseudomallei is
Give flagella status of B. pseudomallei
It has
Moraxella ovis can cause what in calves and sheep
Pneumonia
Can brucella multiply in environment
Ney
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes what in doggos
Otitis externa
F. tularensis air requirements and cat/oxi
Obligate aerobe
Cat pos
Oxi neg
Brucella fastidious yes or no
yep
Brucella is cat/oxi
both pos
Brucella spp cause mainly what in ruminants
Abortion, epididymitis
Moraxella bovis cat, oxi, hemolysing
Cat/Oxi pos
Hemolysing
Pseudomonas pseudomallei causes what disease
Melidiosis
Brucella has special additives?
Vitamin B1 and B12
What brucella spp needs CO2
B. abortus and B. ovis
Brucella selective cultures
Polymyxin, bacitracin, cycloheximide
Francisella tularensis has cross reaction with
Y. pestis and Brucella
What Brucella spp can infect Hu?
B. melitensis and B. abortus
Which bacterial genus can grow on citrate agar
Bordetella sp
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has resistance for
Quaternary ammonium salts
Where can Lawsonia intracellularis be cultured
Enterocyte culture
Helicobacter pylori can cause what in humans
Chronic gastritis and ulcers
What is the characteristic morphology of Spirochaetes?
Thin helical filaments, no flagella
Campylobacter air requirements
6% O2
10% CO2
84% N2
Causative agents of Lyme disease in Humans
B. burgdorferi
B. afzelii
B. garinii
What other animals can get Lyme disease
Ca and Eq
Give air requirements for brachyspira hyodysenteriae
Obligate anaerobic
Causative agent of human syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Vibrio sp can be cultured in pH
8.6
Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause disease in what animals
Sea animals
Campylobacter fetus spp venerealis causes what disease
Bo abortion and infertility
What does Lawsonia intracellularis do to swine
Thickening of int wall
Enlargement of mesenteric ln
Necrosis of mucous membrane
Motility of spirochaetes
Motile: periplasmic flagella
Give staining of Borrelia sp
Giemsa, Fuchsin, unstained (very hard to culture)
Maintenance host of leptospira ichterohaemorrhagiae
Ratatouille
Leptospira hardjo can cause what in Bo/Ov
Abortion
Causative agent of swine dysentery
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
B. anserina causes what
Avian borreliosis
Rabbit syphilis is caused by
Treponema paraluiscuniculi
Give air requirements of brachyspira
Obligate anaerobic
Swine dysentery bacteria (brachyspira hyodysenteriae) causes what on blood agar
beta hemolysis
Levaditis silver impregnation is an appropriate staining for
Leptospira sp
Selective culture of Campylobacter
Vancomycin-Polymyxin-Trimethoprim is used
Infectious form of Chlamydia sp is what in body
Elimentary
Chlamydia psittaci can cause what in birds
Conjunctivitis
Rickettsia, Coxiella can propagate in what cell types?
All
Ehrlichia and Neorickettsia can propagate in what cell types?
Lymphoid and endothel cells
Causative agent of Q-fever
Coxiella burnetti
What bacterium has pleomorphic shape
Mycoplasma: no cell wall
M. mycoides ssp. mycoides causes what disease in Bo?
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes what in birds
Chronic respiratory disease
What is the counter stain of Stamp
Malachite green
Which has higher resistance: reticulate body or elementary body
Elementary body
What is the causative agent of Trachoma in Humans
Chlamydia trachomatis
What members of Rickettsiaceae family are obligate cell parasites
All
Coxiella burnetti (Q-fever) needs vector or nah
Nah
Cat scratch disease is caused by
B. henselae
Mycoplasma colonies look like what
Fried egg
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes what disease of swine
Enzootic pneumonia
Ornithosis is caused by
Chlamydia psittachi
Cat haemobartonellosis is caused by
M. haemofelis
What is the causative agent of Heartwater in Ru
Ehrlichia ruminantium
Which agar is used to culture fungi
Sabouraud agar
Mycotoxicosis is caused by
Fungal toxins
Malassezia pachydermatis has characteristic morphology
Bottle shaped
Cryptococcus neoformans forms what type of colonies on Sabouraud agar
Mucoid colonies
F2 toxin causes what in cattle
Reduced fertility
Equine epizootic lymphangitis is caused by
Histoplasma farciminosum
Dimorphic fungi has what form in host body
Yeast form
Stachybotryotoxins cause what in horse
Immunosuppression
Which has higher resistance, sexual or asexual spores
Sexual
Which fungi can cause otitis externa in dogs
Malassezia pachydermatis
Microsporum sp is a member of what family
Dermatophytes
What colonies does Cryptococcus neoformans form on artifical medium
Cannot form cultures
Trichophyton verrucosum causes what in cattle
Ringworm
Aflatoxin is produced by
Aspergillus flavus
Penicillin is produced by
P. notatum
P. chrysogenum
Fungi have how many phyla
5: Microspora Ascomycota Basidiomycota Blastocladiomycota Glomeromycota
What ribosomal RNA genes are fungi based on
18S and 26S
Glomeromycota phyla symbioses with who?
Plant roots
Dermatophytes air requirements
Obligate aerobic
Ochratoxin is prod by
Aspergillus ochraceus
Fumonisins cause what in pigs
Pulmonary edema
Ochraceus causes what in poultry and pigs
Kidney degeneration
Patulin causes inhibition of what
Ruminal flora
Fusarium produces what
Pigment: pink/orange
T2 toxin causes immunosuppression in what animals
Cattle, poultry and pigs
Fusarium moniliforme can cause what in horses
Leukoencephalomalacia
What colour colonies does Stachybotrys atra form
Black
Dimorphic fungi have mould form
On media and environment
Blastomycosis is caused by
B. dermatitis
S. schenckii causes what in humans
Subcutaneous granulomatosis
Batrachocochytrium dendrobatidis causes what in amphibians
Chytridiomycosis
Dermatophytes are cultured at what temp
25C
Yeast incubation time
1-4 days
Dermatophytes incubation time
2-4 weeks
