Lab 11 Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Chlamydia Flashcards
Rickettsiaceae genera and their propagation
Rickettsia, Coxiella: propagate in all cell types
Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia: lymphoid cells, endothel cells
Anaplasma: in or on erythrocytes, in lymphoid cells
Rickettsiaceae habitat, morphology and staining
Obligate CELL PARASITES
Arthropod vectors
Small rodents
Tiny coccoid rods, non-motile Staining difficult Giemsa Köster Stamp
Rickettsiaceae culture and classification
Living cells
Embryonated eggs
Cell culture
Laboratory animals
Cell tropism, intra/extracellular propagation, vector
Rickettsia habitat
Reservoir: rodents and arthropods
R. prowazekii + vector
Epidemic typhus fever
Louse
R. rickettsii + vector
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Ticks
R. sibirica + vector
North-Asian tick-borne rickettsiosis
Ticks
R. conorii + vector
Boutouneuse fever
Ticks
Coxiella
Very good resistance (50 days in dust)
Inoculate into embryonated eggs
C. burnettii
COXIELLA
worldwide, no vectors are needed (ticks)
Hu, Bo, Ov, Cap: Q-fever
Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia
Coccoid
Tissue cultures, cannot be cultured in embryonated eggs
E. canis
Ca monocytic ehrlichiosis (generalized, fever)
E. ruminantium
Ru heartwater
Neorickettsia risticii
Potomac horse fever
Anaplasma
Ticks, ruminants
No culturing in vitro (no cell wall)
A. marginale
Bo anaplasmosis (anemia) Tropical and subtropical countries
A. ovis
Cap, Ov anaplasmosis (anemia)
A. phagocytophilum
Tick-borne fever of Ru
Eq granulocytic ehrlichiosis: edema, lymphadenopathy
Chlamydia habitat and replication
Mucous membranes of gut, genitals and resp tract
Persistent - subclinical infection
Replication
Exists in two morphologically distinct forms:
1. Small infectious elementary body
Like a spore, resistant to harsh environmental factors
- Larger, non-infectious reticulate body
Chlamydia morphology and resistance
Genetic material, where does it propagate, what does it need a cell for?
General features: resembles virus
Has both RNA and DNA
Replication with binary fission, cell wall, metabolic enzymes
Susceptible to antibiotics, obligate intracellular
Propagate in the vacuoles of the cytoplasma of the host cell
Unique propagation cycle
Elementary body –> reticulate body
Unable to produce ATP: energy parasites
No peptidoglycan layer from cell wall but genus specific LPS
R: weak, survives in feces, fetal membranes and dust for 1-3 weeks
Chlamydia staining
Gr-
Stamp staining: Fixation Fuchsin Acetic acid Malachite green
Giemsa
Chlamydia culture and antigens
Living cells 5-7 day old embryonated egg Tissue culture Animals Replication in vacuoles of cells
Genus specific LPS: heat resistant
Species specific protein
Chlamydophila psittaci
Av psittacosis
Parrot disease, fever
Lots of mammals and Hu
Chl. trachomatis
Hu: trachoma, chronic purulent conjunctivitis
Lymphogranuloma venereum: infl of urethra, vaginitis, enlargement of ln
Chl. abortus
Ov, Cap, Bo, Su: abortion
Chl. felis
Fe conjunctivitis
Chl. pecorum
Ru arthritis, pneumonia, encephalomyelitis
Chl. pneumoniae
Hu pneumonia
Mycoplasma habitat
Eperythrozoon, Haemobartonella
Mucous membranes (resp, alimentary, genital tract) of Hu and animals like rodents, Ru, Su, arthropods
On ERYTHROCYTES
plants
Mycoplasma morphology, resistance, staining
Smallest bacteria Pleomorphic (NO CELL WALL) Pear shaped Long branching filaments R: weak
Gr-
Giemsa
No cell wall
Mycoplasma culture
Fastidious, horse serum (sterols, FAs) Yeast extract, DNA, lactalbumin hydrolysate, urea, cysteine No turbidity Typical colony takes 7-14 days to form CO2 need
Selective isolation Penicillin Tallium acetate Some cannot be cultured (Suis, ovis, haemocanis, haemofelis)
Mycoplasma biochemistry, antigens, classification
Glu fermentation, Arg hydrolysis, cholesterol demand
Ag
Growth inhibition test
Metabolism inhibition test
Surface proteins
Classification
Family: genome size, cholesterol demand, morphology
Genus: optimal temp, pH, glu, arg, urease
Human mycoplasma
M. pneumoniae atypical pneumonia
Bo mycoplasma (3, pneumonia)
M. mycoides ssp mycoides: cont. bovine pleuropneumonia
(Notifiable)
M. bovigenitalium: pneumonia, genitals
M. bovis: arthritis, mastitis, pneumonia
M. dispar: calf pneumonia
M. bovoculi: kerato-conjunctivitis
M. californicum/M. canadense: mastitis
Ov/Cap mycoplasma
M. capricolum ssp. capripneumoniae: cont pleuropneumonia
M. capricolum ssp capricolum: pneumonia, arthritis, septicaemia
M. mycoides ssp capri
M. agalactiae: pneumonia, contageous agalactica, arthritis
M. conjunctivae: kerato-conjunctivitis
M. ovipneumoniae
M. ovis: anemia
Su mycoplasma
M. suis: Su eperythrozoonosis (anemia)
M. hyopneumoniae: enzootic pneumonia
M. hyorhinis: polyserositis, rhinitis, arthritis
M. hyosynoviae: arthritis
Car mycoplasma
M. haemofelis
M. haemocanis
Anaemia, haemobartonellosis
M. felis: conjunctivitis
M. cynos: resp inf of Ca
Av mycoplasma
M. gallisepticum: CRD
M. synoviae: synovitis turkey
M. meleagridis, M. iowae, M. anatis, M. aseris: air sacculutus
Ureaplasma
CO2, cholesterol
Urease +
U. urealyticum: hu genital inf
U. diversum: Bo genital inf
U. canigenitalium
Acholeplasma
No cholesterol need
A. axanthum
A. oculi sheep conjunctivitis
