Antibiotics Flashcards
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Vancomycins
Penicillins
Notarum, Chrysogenium Blocks PG synthesis: cross link inhib Mainly Gr+ Types: Narrow spectrum Penicillinase resistant Broad spectrum
Cephalosporins
Acremonium Inhib transpeptidase Mainly Gr+ Generations: increasing spectrum, improved penetration, prog resistance to beta lactamase: 1-4
Vancomycin
Early stages of PG synthesis
ONLY Gr+
Cell membrane function damage
Polymyxins: LPS damage Hydrophobic/philic part Binds to membrane phospholipids and causes structural disorganization Gr- Nephro+neurotoxic Resistance rare
Inhibition of DNA superhelix
Quinolones
Inhib of DNA-gyrase: prevents supercoiling
Gr+ and Gr-
Inhibition of RNA replication
Rifampins
RNA polymerase inhibitors
Wide spectrum: Gr+ and Gr-, Mycobact, Chlamydia, Rickettsia
Resistance is common
30S inhibition of protein synthesis
Aminoglycosides
Strepto-, neo-, kana-, gentamycin
RNA misreading
Tetracyclines
Tetra-, oxytetra-, chlortetracycline, doxycycline
Inhib binding of RNA
Aminoglycosides
Irreversibly binds to 30S and freezes complex
Faulty proteins produced
Gr- and mycobacteria
Poor abs from GI
Tetracyclines
Reversibly binds to 30S, tRNA cannot bind
Wide spectrum
Cross resistance
50S inhibition of protein synthesis
Chloramphenicol
Macrolids
Lincosamides
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florphenicol
Inhibits transpeptidation
Wide spectrum
Lipid soluble
Macrolids
Erythromycin, Oleandomycin, tylosin, tilmicosin, tiamulin Inhibits translocation (binding of tRNA) Only short chained peptides are produced Lipid soluble Gr+ mainly
Lincosamides
Clindamycin, lincomycin
Inhibits transpeptidation
Gr+ mainly, mycoplasma
Inhibitors of intermediate metabolism
Sulfonamides
Nitrofurantoins