Lab 2 B. anthracis and Clostridium

Question 1

Bacillus Habitat morphology

Answer 1

Veg: diseased animals
Spore: environment

Rod, central spore, capsule
No flagella

Question 2

Bacillus resistance

Answer 2

Veg: several days in carcass, 2 weeks on skin, 4 weeks in BM

Spore: soil - 50 years

Question 3

Bacillus staining

Answer 3

Gr +
Toluidine blue 
Metachromatic staining:
Capsule: pink
Bacteria: blue

Question 4

Bacillus culture

Answer 4

Simple

Question 5

Bacillus S/R colonies depend on…?

Answer 5

CO2

Question 6

Bacillus capsule

Answer 6

Capsule (S): poly-D-glutamic acid
= Virulence factor
Inhibits phagocytosis

Question 7

Requirements for spore formation:

Answer 7

> 15 degrees
Water, oxygen, cations
37 degrees: 16 hrs
18 degrees: 2-3 days

Question 8

Bacillus biochemistry

Answer 8

Cat +, Oxi -

Question 9

Bacillus antigens

Answer 9

Capsule
Polysaccharide hapten: heat stabile

Ascoli test
(B.cereus cross reaction)
Edema factor, Lethal factor

Question 10

B. anthracis pathogenicity

Answer 10

Bo/Ov: fatal peracute/acute septicaemic anthrax
Su: subacute anthrax, pharyngeal edematous swelling
Eq: subacute anthrax with edema, septicaemia with colic/enteritis
Hu: skin, pulmonary and int form
Car/Av resistant

Question 11

B. cereus

Answer 11

Bo mastitis

Hu food poisoning, eye infections

Question 12

B. licheniformis

Answer 12

Bo/Ov sporadic abortion

Question 13

Paenibacillus larvae

Answer 13

Honey bees: americal foulbrood (notifiable disease)

Question 14

Saprophyte bacilli

Answer 14

B. subtilis
B. megaterium
B. cereus
B. licheniformis (bacitrin)
B. thuringiensis: insect pathogen, pest-control (moth)
Paenibacillus polymyxa
Geobacillus stearothermophilus (heat resistant)

Question 15

Bacillus without flagella

Answer 15

B. anthracis

Question 16

Bacillus with capsule prod in air

Answer 16

B. subtilis

B- megaterium

Question 17

Bacillus with hemolysis

Answer 17

B. cereus

Question 18

Pathogenic bacillus

Answer 18

B. anthracis

Question 19

Clostridium habitat, morphology

Answer 19

Soil, mud, water, gut

Rod
Flagella (except C. perfr)
Spore (central, terminal, subterminal)
No capsule!! (Exc. C. perfr)

Question 20

Clostridium resistance, staining

Answer 20

Veg: like Gr+
Spore: in dry specimens: for years

Question 21

Clostridium culture

Answer 21

Anaerobic
Different oxygen tolerance
Agars: nutruent and blood
40-45C: C. perfr
15-22C: C. putrefaciens

Question 22

Clostridium strict oxygen tolerance (ø)

Answer 22

C. tetani

C. novyi B

Question 23

Clostridium tolerates oxygen

Answer 23

C. histolyticum

C. botulinum

Question 24

Clostridium biochemistry

Answer 24

Cat -
Oxi -
OF fer
Active metabolism, carbohydrates are fermented

Question 25

Clostridium without active metabolism

Answer 25

C. tetani, C. histolyticum

Question 26

Clostridium proteolytic

Answer 26

C. tetani C. histolyticum C. botulinum

Question 27

Clostridium antigens

Answer 27

Complex, close relationship

Question 28

Clostridium gas gangrenic diseases

Answer 28

``` Malignant edema: (Bo, Ov, Su) C. septicum C. novyi C. haemolyticum C. histolyticum C. sordelli ``` Blackleg: (Bo, Ov) C. chauvoei Human gas gangrene C. perfr A, C. novyi A

Question 29

Clostridium enterotoxaemic diseases | Toxin types: beta, epsilon, iota All have toxin type alpha

Answer 29

C. perfr A/C: necrotic enteritis of Chicken C. perfr B: lamB dysentery (BE) C. perfr C: neCrotic enteritis of Su, struck of Ov (B) C. perfr D: pulpy kiDney Disease of Ov (E) C. colinum: ulcerative enteritis of chicken (I)

Question 30

Clostridium intoxications

Answer 30

C. tetani | C. botulinum

Question 31

C. tetani Characteristics Serotypes, air requirement, flagella Toxins, susceptibility

Answer 31

Rigid paralysis 10 serotypes Anaerobic, no capsule Flagellated Neurotoxin: tetanospasmin, hemolysin, fibrinolysin Eq/Hu highly susceptible, Ru/Su moderately

Question 32

C. botulinum Characteristics Ag toxin types

Answer 32

8 Ag toxin types: A-G ABEF: in soil, activated by trypsin, Hu disease CD: soil, intestine, disease in other animals Heat stabile toxins, synaptobrevin in neuromuscular junctions inhibits release of ACh in synapse: flaccid paralysis

Question 33

C. novyi

Answer 33

Toxins: alpha, lipase, lectinase, DN-ase, collagenase Hu gas gangrene: A Bo/Ov hepatitis

Question 34

C. haemolyticum

Answer 34

Bo/Ov hemoglobinuria | Found in milk

Question 35

C. histolyticum

Answer 35

Widespread Alpha, collagenase, protease, elastase, hemolysin Bo/Ov/Su malignant edema

Question 36

C. chauvoei

Answer 36

Blood agar, strong hemolysis, only guinea pig is susceptible! Same toxins as C. septicum Bo/Ov: blackleg Differentiation from C. septicum: culture, IF, PCR

Question 37

C. perfringens

Answer 37

40-45 optimal temp, no flagella, have a capsule Toxins: Main: alpha, beta, epsilon, iota (trypsin act) Auxiliary: gamma, delta, theta, kappa, lambda, mu

Question 38

C. colinum

Answer 38

Av ulcerative enteritis, hepatic necrosis

Question 39

C. difficile

Answer 39

Enterotoxin, cytotoxin Hu: pseudomembranaceous colitis Foal hemorrhagic enterocolitis Ca chronic diarrhea

Question 40

C. piliforme

Answer 40

Tyzzers disease, foal | Severe hepatic necrosis

Question 41

C. spirofirme

Answer 41

Coiled, rabbit enteritis