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Biochemistry > Past Exam Questions (Midterm II) > Flashcards

Past Exam Questions (Midterm II) Flashcards

1
Q

What is regulating the urea cycle?

A

Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I

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2
Q

How much energy is produced by the complete oxidation of 1 mol of glucose?

A

36 mol ATP

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3
Q

What creates NADPH?

A
  • PPP
  • FA synthesis
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4
Q

What is the start molecule of GNG?

A

Pyruvate

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5
Q

What are the start molecules of the citrate cycle?

A

Ac-CoA + OAC

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6
Q

Where is ketosis not found?

A

Liver

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7
Q

Which amino acid is essential in birds?

A

Arginine

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8
Q

Which amino acid produces GABA?

A

Glutamate (Glutamic acid)

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9
Q

Where is fat produced?

A
  • Liver
  • Mammary gland
  • Adipose tissue
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10
Q

What glucose concentration is found in ruminants?

A

2-3 mmol/l

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11
Q

What is the start molecule for ketogenesis?

A

Ac-CoA

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12
Q

Which enzymes uses TPP as a cofactor?

A
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
  • Transaldolase/Transketolase
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13
Q

How much energy is created by anaerobic glycolysis of 1 mol glucose?

A

2 mol ATP

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14
Q

Which enzymes catalyse substrate level phosphorylation? (ATP production)

A
  • Succinyl-CoA Synthetase
  • Pyruvate Kinase
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15
Q

Where does ketolysis occur?

A
  • Mitochondria
  • Mammary gland
  • Brain
  • Muscle
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16
Q

Which enzyme regulates glycogenesis?

A

Hexokinase

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17
Q

Which enzyme regulates glycogenolysis?

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

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18
Q

Which enzyme regulates glyconeogenesis?

A

Fructose 1,6 biphosphatase

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19
Q

Which enzymes regulate glycolysis?

A
  • Hexokinase
  • Phosphofructokinase 1
  • Pyruvate kinase
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20
Q

Which enzyme regulates TCA?

A

Citrate synthase

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21
Q

Which enzyme regulates PPP?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

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22
Q

What is a common intermediate between gly and glucose?

A

Pyruvate

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23
Q

What are the primary bile acids?

A
  • Cholic acid
  • Chenodeoxycholic acid
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24
Q

What splits urea in ruminants?

A

Bacterial urease

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25
Q

Which amino acid is essential in equine?

A

Lys

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26
Q

Where does B-oh occur?

A

Mitochondria

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27
Q

How much energy does palmitic acid produce?

A

129 ATP

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28
Q

Which reactions is NADH2 produced in?

A
  • GL
  • TCA
  • FA b-oh
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29
Q

Which reactions is biotin found in?

A
  • FA synthesis - Ac-CoA carboxylase
  • β-ox. of odd carbons - Propionyl CoA carboxylase
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30
Q

Which of the following will not require NADPH + H+?

  • Synthesis of oleic acid
  • Synthesis of palmitic acid
  • The beta-oxidation of fatty acid
  • Each of these requires NADPH+ H+
A

The beta-oxidation of fatty acid

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31
Q

Which of the following is not a dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle?

  • Isocitrate dehydrogenase
  • Alpha- ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase
  • Succinate dehydrogenase
  • Malate dehydrogenase
A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

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32
Q

Alanine transaminase(ALT) transfers an amino group from alanine to…

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate

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33
Q

Which of the following statements about the reactions of glycolysis is true?

  • In glycolysis glucose – 6 – phosphate is split into glyceraldehyde – 3- phosphate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate
  • In glycolysis glucose – 1,6 – biphosphate is split into glyceraldehyde – 3- phosphate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate
  • In glycolysis fructose – 6- phosphate is split into glyceraldehyde – 3- phosphate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate
  • In glycolysis glucose – 6 – phosphate is isomerized to fructose 1,6 – biphosphate
A

In glycolysis glucose – 1,6 – biphosphate is split into glyceraldehyde – 3- phosphate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate

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34
Q

This enzymatic reaction takes place in the mitochondria

  • 6 – phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
  • Pyruvate kinase
  • Succinate dehydrogenase
  • Glucokinase
  • All of these answers are true
A

All of these answers are true

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35
Q

Which contains B-D-glucose

  • Starch
  • Maltose
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
  • Hyaluronic acid
A

Cellulose

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36
Q

From which molecule can oxaloacetate be produced?

  • Malate
  • Pyruvate
  • Aspartate
  • All of the answers are false 1-3
  • All answers 1-3 are true
A

All answers 1-3 are true

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37
Q

Which pathway reaction takes place in the mitochondrion?

  • Synthesis of palmitic acid
  • Beta-oxidation of palmitic acid
  • Glycolysis
  • Glycogenesis
  • All of the answers A-D is false
A

Beta-oxidation of palmitic acid

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38
Q

Which of the following statements about the generation of ATP in the electron transport chain is true?

  • The generation of ATP from ADP coupled to electron transfer occurs by substrate-level phosphorylation as in glycolysis
  • Electron transport generates a proton gradient across the outer mitochondrial membrane
  • ATP synthase in valves are structured outside the inner mitochondrial membrane
  • ATP synthase in valves are structures outside the outer mitochondrial membrane
A

ATP synthase in valves are structured outside the inner mitochondrial membrane

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39
Q

Which enzyme uses NADP+ as a cofactor?

  • 6–P–gluconate dehydrogenase
  • Lactate dehydrogenase
  • Glyceraldehyde – 3- P – dehydrogenase
  • Succinate dehydrogenase
  • All of the answers 1-4 is false
A

6–P–gluconate dehydrogenase

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40
Q

Which of the following statements about the ketone bodies/acetoacetate and B- hydroxybutyrate is true?

  • Muscles produce ketone bodies from fatty acids
  • Adipose tissue can produce ketone bodies from its fat stores
  • The liver produces acetoacetate and B-hydroxybyturate from fatty acids
  • Acetoacetate is metabolized to acetate in peripheral tissue
A

The liver produces acetoacetate and B-hydroxybutyrate from fatty acids

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41
Q

Increased cAMP concentration increases the activity of which of the following enzymes?

  • Phosphorylase kinase
  • Glycogen phosphorylase
  • Hormone-sensitive lipase
  • All of these answers are false
  • All of these answers are true
A

All of these answers are true

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42
Q

Alpha–ketoglutarate is the end product of the reaction catalyzed by the following enzyme?

  • Pyruvate carboxylase
  • Lactate dehydrogenase
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase
  • Glutamate decarboxylase
  • None of them
A

None of them

43
Q

The start molecule of ketogenesis

  • Propionyl-CoA
  • Glycerol
  • Glutamic acid (glutamate)
  • Acetyl-CoA
A

Acetyl-CoA

44
Q

How much energy is produced in the anaerobic glycolysis of 1 mol glucose?

  • 2 mol ATP
  • 3 mol ATP
  • 36 mol ATP
  • 129 mol ATP
  • All of the answers A–D is false
A

2 mol ATP

45
Q

Which of the following enzymes need thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as cofactor?

  • Lactate dehydrogenase
  • L–glutamate dehydrogenase
  • Serine decarboxylase
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase
  • Pyruvate carboxylase
A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

46
Q

Which of the following molecules contains the most carbon atoms?

  • Tyrosine
  • Tyramine
  • Palmitic acid
  • Histidine
A

Palmitic acid

47
Q

The start molecule of ketogenesis

  • Leucine
  • Glutamic acid
  • Propanyl–Coa
  • All of them is false
  • All of them is true
A

Leucine

48
Q

Which pathway reaction takes place in mitochondria?

  • Synthesis of palmitic acid
  • Beta-oxidation of palmitic acid
  • Glycolysis
  • Synthesis of cholesterol
  • None of them
A

Beta-oxidation of palmitic acid

49
Q

How much energy is produced in the complete oxidation of 2 mol glucose?

  • 72
  • 3
  • 36
  • 129
  • None of them
A

72

50
Q

Characteristics of arachidonic acid?

  • Omega 6 unsaturated fatty acids, four double bonds, 20 C
  • Omega 3, unsaturated fatty acids, three double bonds, 18 C
  • Omega 6 unsaturated fatty acids, two double bonds, 18 C
  • Omega 3 unsaturated fatty acids, four double bonds, 20 C
  • None of them
A

Omega 6 unsaturated fatty acids, four double bonds, 20 C

51
Q

Which hasn’t got a high energy bond?

A

Glucose-6-Phosphate

52
Q

The start molecule of GNG

A

Pyruvate

53
Q

From which molecule can oxaloacetate be produced?

  • Pyruvate
  • Acetoacetate
  • Leucine
  • None of them
  • All of them
A

Pyruvate

54
Q

This molecule can be synthesized from HMG-CoA in a given pathway

  • Acetate
  • Acetone
  • 3-Acyl-glycerol
  • All of them are
  • None of them
A

None of them

55
Q

Which of the following is a common intermediate in the conversion of Gly to glucose?

  • Phosphoenolpyruvate
  • Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
  • Malate
  • Oxaloacetate
  • Pyruvate
A

Pyruvate

56
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes reaction where substrates level phosphorylation happens?

  • Succinyl CoA synthetase/Pyruvate kinase
  • Succinate dehydrogenase
  • Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
  • Glutamine synthetase
  • None of them
A

Succinyl CoA synthetase/Pyruvate kinase

57
Q

Which establishment is not characteristic for the complex of the respiratory chain?

  • Collector is FMN
  • Hydrogen uptake from any NADH + H+
  • Contains HEM iron
  • Contains proton channel
  • None of them
A

Contains HEM iron

58
Q

Characteristic of linoleic acid?

  • 6 unsaturated fatty acids, two double bonds, 20 C
  • 3 unsaturated fatty acids, three double bonds, 18 C
  • 6 unsaturated fatty acids, two double bonds, 18 C
  • 3 unsaturated fatty acids, three double bonds, 20 C
A

6 unsaturated fatty acids, two double bonds, 18 C

59
Q

In the urine of a healthy cat can be found?

  • Urea, uric acid and ammonium ion
  • Urea, Allantoin, ammonium ion
  • Only urea
  • Only uric acid
  • None of them
A

Urea, Allantoin, ammonium ion

60
Q

In the urine of a healthy dalmatian dog can be found?

  • Urea, uric acid and ammonium ion
  • Urea, Allantoin, ammonium ion
  • Only urea
  • Only uric acid
  • None of them
A

Urea, uric acid and ammonium ion

61
Q

The start molecule of gluconeogenesis

  • Acetoacetate
  • Leucine
  • Glutathione
  • Lactate
  • All of them
A

Lactate

62
Q

How many energy is produced in the beta-oxidation of 1 mol palmitoyl-CoA?

  • 129 mol ATP
  • 131 mol ATP
  • 146 mol ATP
  • 148 mol ATP
  • None of them
A

131 mol ATP

63
Q

This reaction happens in the cytoplasm

  • ATP citrate lyase
  • Fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
  • Succinate dehydrogenase
  • HMG-CoA lyase
  • None of them
A

ATP citrate lyase

64
Q

Start molecule of oxaloacetate synthesis

A

Pyruvate

65
Q

Allosteric enzyme

A

Reversible enzyme inhibition

66
Q

Which amino acids can make pyruvate?

A
  • Ala
  • Ser
  • Gly
  • Cys
67
Q

Which amino acid can make glutamic acid?

A

Alanine

68
Q

Location of transaminases

A

Cytoplasm/Mitochondria

69
Q

Give examples of VFAs

A
  • Acetate
  • Propionate
  • Butyrate
70
Q

Which compounds can be produced from HMG-CoA?

A
  • Cholesterol
  • KBS
71
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for the transformation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate?

A

Pyruvate carboxylase

72
Q

What are the uncoupling factors?

A
  • Dinitrophenol
  • Thermogenine
73
Q

Which fatty acid has the longest chain?

A

DHA (22C)

74
Q

Glucose level in birds

A

8-9mmol/l

75
Q

Glucose level in dogs

A

4-5mmol/l

76
Q

What is the first messenger in fat metabolism?

A
  • Adrenaline
  • Noradrenaline
  • Glucagon
  • ACTH
77
Q

The activity of which enzyme is needed to produce a cofactor for the reaction catalysed by the glutathione reductase?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

78
Q

Alpha-ketoglutarate is the product of the enzymatic reaction catalysed by the enzyme…

A

L-Glutamate dehydrogenase

79
Q

Which enzyme is in use in the cytoplasm?

  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase
  • Pyruvate kinase
  • ATP synthase
  • Enoyl hydratase
  • L-glutamate dehydrogenase
A

Pyruvate kinase

80
Q

Which contains alpha-D-glucose?

  • Starch
  • Lactose
  • Heparin
  • Cellulose
  • Chondroitin sulphate
A

Starch

81
Q

In the urine of a healthy cat, what can be found?

  • Bilirubin I
  • Urea
  • Myoglobin
  • All answers are true
  • All answers are false
A

Urea

82
Q

Oxaloacetate is made from an intermediary product of the anaerobe glycolysis by which reaction?

A

Carboxylation

83
Q

Which molecule can be produced in the intestine of a healthy dog?

  • Bilirubin I (indirect)
  • Bilirubin II (direct)
  • Biliverdin
  • Urobilinogen
  • All answers are false
A

Urobillinogen

84
Q

Which pathway/reaction takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrion?

  • B-oxidation of palmitic acid
  • Glycolysis
  • Respiratory chain
  • All answers are true
  • All answers are false
A

B-oxidation of palmitic acid

85
Q

Ketone bodies can be produced by which molecule?

  • Glycerol
  • Glutamate
  • Propionyl-CoA
  • Acetyl-CoA
  • All answers are false
A

Acetyl-CoA

86
Q

Propionyl-CoA carboxylase converts propionyl-CoA to which of the following molecules?

  • Malonyl-CoA
  • Methylmalonyl-CoA
  • Succinyl-CoA
  • All answers are false
  • All answers are true
A

Methylmalonyl-CoA

87
Q

Which of the following molecules is a ketone body?

  • Acetoacetate
  • Alpha-ketoglutarate
  • Succinate
  • Oxaloacetate
  • Pyruvate
A

Acetoacetate

88
Q

Substrate (starting molecule) of gluconeogenesis

  • Propionate
  • Acetoacetate
  • Leucine
  • Acetate
A

Propionate

89
Q

How much energy is produced in the B-oxidation of 1 mol palmitoyl-CoA?

A

131 mol ATP

(-2 for charging fatty acid = 129 ATP)

90
Q

Give the transporter of Fe2+ ions on the basolateral side of the enterocytes

A

Ferroportin

91
Q

Which of the following molecules can be found in the urine of chicken under physiological conditions?

  • Acetic acid
  • Allantoin
  • Ammonia
  • Uric acid
  • Urea
A

Uric acid

92
Q

Which of the following enzymes has a role in the synthesis (B-reduction) of palmitic acid?

  • Fatty-acyl-carnitine transferase I
  • B-ketothiolase
  • 1st reductase (B-ketoacyl-S ACP reductase)
  • All answers are true
  • All answers are false
A

1st reductase (B-ketoacyl-S ACP reductase)

93
Q

Which of the following is an uncoupling factor?

  • CO
  • Thermogenin
  • Myoglobin
  • cAMP
A

Thermogenin

94
Q

Which of the following pathways results in cellular NADPH + H+ production?

  • Glycolysis
  • Urea cycle
  • TCA cycle
  • PPP
  • All answers are false
A

PPP

95
Q

Which is produced in the citrate (TCA) cycle?

  • NADH + H+
  • FADH2
  • GTP
  • All answers are true
A

All answers are true

  • NADH + H+
  • FADH2
  • GTP
96
Q

Which enzyme of the citrate (TCA) cycle needs TPP as a cofactor?

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

97
Q

Which molecule can be produced by the transamination of aspartate?

A

Oxaloacetate

98
Q

Which of the following enzymes can be found in the mitochondrial matrix of the liver?

  • Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
  • HMG-CoA reductase
  • HMG-CoA lyase
  • All answers are true
  • All answers are false
A

HMG-CoA lyase

99
Q

Which of the following molecules is produced by the decarboxylation of aspartate?

  • B-alanine
  • GABA
  • Alpha-ketoglutarate
  • Glutamine
  • All answers are true
A

B-alanine

100
Q

Which group of molecules does lecithin belong to?

  • Sphingolipids
  • Carotenoids
  • Glycerol phosphatides
  • Steroids
A

Glycerol phosphatides

101
Q

Which of the following pathways doesn’t happen in the liver of the healthy horse?

  • Conjugation of bilirubin with glucuronic acid
  • Synthesis of primary bile acids
  • Degradation of ketone bodies (ketolysis)
  • B-oxidation of fatty acids
A

Degradation of ketone bodies (ketolysis)

102
Q

How many mol ATP will be produced from one mol FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation?

A

2 mol ATP

103
Q

Citrate cycle begins with the condensation of

  • Propionyl-CoA and oxaloacetate
  • Acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate
  • 2 x acetyl-CoA
  • All answers are false
A

Acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate

Biochemistry (21 decks)

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