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Biochemistry > Intermediary Metabolism > Flashcards

Intermediary Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is intermediary metabolism?

A

Reactions occuring between:

  • Absorption of feedstuff
  • Excretion of end products
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2
Q
A
  • Proteins
  • Polysaccharides
  • Fats
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3
Q
A
  • Amino acids
  • Monosaccharides
  • Fatty acids
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4
Q
A
  • NAD+
  • NAD​H
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5
Q
A

Oxidative phosphorylation

ADP → ATP

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6
Q

Oxidative processes occur in the…

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

What are the byproducts of biological oxidation

A
  • Heat
  • CO2
  • H2O
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8
Q
A

Catabolism

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9
Q
A

Anabolism

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10
Q

Metabolism

A
  • Chemical reactions occurring in living cells
  • Allows cells to reproduce and grow
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11
Q

Metabolism is split into which two categories?

A
  • Anabolism
  • Catabolism
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12
Q

Catabolism

A
  • Yields energy as ATP
  • Breakdown of food in biological oxidation
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13
Q

Anabolism

A
  • Uses energy
  • Constructs components of cells
  • Protein + nucleic acid production
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14
Q

Rate limiting step

A
  • Slowest reaction in a pathway
  • Determines the rate for the pathway
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15
Q

Reactions which involve both anabolism and catabolism

A

Amphibolic reactions

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16
Q

Give the three stages of energy extraction

A
  1. Formation of smaller molecules
  2. Formation of simple units
  3. Citric acid cycle (Resp. chain + Oxidative phosphorylation)
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17
Q

Formation of smaller molecules

A

Break down of:

  • Fats
  • Polysaccharides
  • Proteins
18
Q

Formation of simple units

A
  • Primarily Acetyl CoA
  • Fatty acids, glucose and amino acids are broken down into a common intermediate
  • Glycolysis
19
Q

Citric acid cycle

A
  • NADH + H+ production
  • FADH2 production
  • Oxidisation of acetyl-CoA
20
Q

Similarities and differences of biological oxidisation and combustions

A
  • Similarity:
    • End products are CO2 + H2O
  • Difference:
    • Biological oxidation: 40% of energy is stored as ATP
    • Combustion: Heat + light produced
21
Q

Energy produced

A

2872 kJ/mol

22
Q

Energy produced

A

1102 kJ/mol

23
Q

Energy produced

A

9800 kJ/mol

24
Q

Energy produced

A

3948 kJ/mol

25
Q

Give the two methods of producing ATP from different substrates

A
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
  • Substrate-level phosphorylation
26
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Process of forming ATP by a proton motive force

27
Q

Substrate-level phosphorylation

A
  • Direct phosphorylation of ADP from phosphorylated intermediates
  • Seen during glycolysis/GTP-forming step in citric acid cycle
28
Q

Metabolic energy is stored in the…

A

High energy bonds

29
Q

Give a ‘high energy’ bond

A

Phosphoanhydride bond

30
Q

What gives ‘high energy’ bonds their energy?

A
  • A large negative free energy change (ΔG) of hydrolysis
  • High group transfer potential
31
Q

AMP function

A
  • Energy sensor
  • Regulator of metabolism
  • Stimulates metabolic pathways → ATP
32
Q

Use of phosphocreatine/ creatine phosphate

A
  • Used in nerve and muscle cells
  • Storage of ~P bonds
33
Q

What reaction does creatine kinase catalyse?

A

Phosphocreatine + ADP ↔ ATP + creatine

34
Q

Where does creatine synthesis occur?

A
  • Kidney (1st reaction)
  • Liver (2nd reaction)
35
Q

What regulates creatine synthesis?

A

Arg-Gly transamidinase

36
Q

Name the high energy bond found between a carboxylic acid and a thiol group of coenzyme A

A

Thioester bond

Acetyl ~ CoA

37
Q

The spontaneity of thioester cleavage is essential to the role of coenzyme A as an…

A

Acyl group carrier

38
Q

Give the reaction for thioester bond formation

A
39
Q

Free energy change of: Phosphocreatine

A

-43.1 kJ/mol

40
Q

Free energy change of: Thioester bonds

A

-31.48 kJ/mol

41
Q

Free energy change of: ATP → ADP

A

-30.6 kJ/mol

42
Q

Respiratory chain

A
  • H2O production in biological oxidation
  • By electron transport

Biochemistry (21 decks)

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