Parts of the Brain Flashcards
Cerebrum
Two hemispheres split by the longitudinal cerebral fissure; connected by corpus callosum
5 lobes of the cerebrum
Occipital lobe
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Insula lobe
Gyri, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus
Folds for surface area
Sulci, central sulcus
Grooves for surface area
Cerebrum
Two hemispheres, divided into five lobes
Responsible for higher mental function such as learning, memory, personality, cognition, language and conscience
Diencephalon
Responsible for processing, integrating, and relaying information to different parts of brain
Cerebellum
Posterior and inferior portion of brain
Involved in planning and coordination of movement especially complex activities such as playing sport or instrument
Brainstem
Connects brain to spinal cord
Involved in basic involuntary homeostatic functions, control of certain reflexes and monitoring movement.
Grey and white matter
Grey- outer part of cerebrum
White- deep in brain
Meninges
Dura mater- outer most layer
Arachnoid mater- transparent, middle layer
Pia mater- delicate, inner layer
Frontal lobes
Neurons responsible in planning and executing movement such as behavior, conscience, and personality. Cognition, speech and motor control
frontal bone to central sulcus
Parietal lobes
Neurons are responsible for processing and integrating sensory information and function in attention. Taste.
Central sulcus to parieto-occipital sulcus
Temporal lobes
Temporal bone to lateral sulcus
Neurons in these lobes are involved in hearing, language, memory, and emotions.
Occipital lobes
From parieto-occipital sulcus to occipital bone
Principal visual center
Insula
Deep to lateral sulcus
Taste, visceral sensation, and language. Hearing
Motor areas
Located in frontal lobe
contains upper motor neurons which are interneurons.
Primary motor cortex, involved in conscious, planning of movement. Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe
Sensory areas
Deal with somatic senses
Special senses
Information processing, deal with equilibrium and positional sensations and processes sense of smell.
Multimodal association areas
Language is processed in two areas
Broca’s area
Wernicke’a area- integrative speech area
Prefrontal cortex- modulating behavior, personality, learning, memory and personality
Medulla Oblongata
Cranial nerves 9,10,11,12
Sensory nuclei receive input from the taste buds, pharynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera. Include cardiac center, vasomotor center, centers in involved in speech, coughing, sneezing, swallowing and movement of tongue and head.
Centers for circulatory and respiratory control, sensory and motor functions for head and neck.
Cerebellum
Muscular coordination, fine motor control, muscle tone, posture, equilibrium, judging passage of time.
No cranial nerves associated with
Primary cortex
Sensory cortex to receive input for sense
Motor cortex issues projections fibers to distribute motor commands
Association cortex
Any cortical area that is not primary
Interpretation of sensations, thought, memory, and motor planning
Vision
Occipital lobe and primary visual cortex
Hearing
Temporal lobe and insula
Primary auditory cortex
Equilibrium
Cerebellum
Taste
Parietal lobe, primary gustatory cortex
Smell
Temporal and frontal lobes
Orbitofrontal cortex
Postcentral gyrus
Primary somatosensory cortex
Precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex
Language
Wermick area, recognition of written and spoken language
Broca area, speech
Left hemisphere
Speech center
Writing
Auditory cortex
General imperceptible center, analysis and calculations
Visual cortex
Right hemisphere
analysis by touch
auditory cortex
spatial visualization
visual cortex
creativity
Parasympathetic
Calm
Sympathetic
Fight or flight
What parasympathetic nerve effect the heart?
The Vagus nerve
Somatic nervous system
Affect the skeletal muscle fibers and is voluntary
Autonomic nervous system
Affects smooth and cardiac muscle cells or glands which are involuntary
Parasympathetic calm
acetylchloline which act on the target cell
Sympathetic fight or flight
Acetylchloline and norE which act on the target cell
