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ANATOMY > Axial Musculature > Flashcards

Axial Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tissue adds to muscles

A

Connective tissues

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2
Q

Endomysium

A

Wraps cell

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3
Q

Perimysium

A

Wraps fascicle- bundle of fiber

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4
Q

Epimysium

A

Wraps muscle

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5
Q

Fascia

A

Wraps muscle group

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6
Q

Fascicle and muscles shape

A

7 types
Strength of a muscle and the direction of its pull are partly determined by the orientation of its fascicles

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7
Q

Parallel muscles

A

Uninform width, fascicles aligned with all of them in a the same direction

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8
Q

Fusiform muscles

A

Thick in the middle, tapered at the ends like biceps

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9
Q

Triangular muscles

A

Broad at one end and narrow at the other end

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9
Q

Muscles groups and compartments

A

Compartments are enclosed by fascia which wraps around muscles to create the intermuscular septa

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10
Q

Pennate muscles 3 kind

A

Feather-shaped
Unipennate, bipennate and multipennate

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10
Q

Circular muscles

A

Form rings around body like eyes and mouth

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11
Q

Muscle contraction

A

Isotonic changing the muscle length by eccentric extension or concentric flexion
Isometric muscle contracts but size doesn’t change

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12
Q

First class lever

A

Seesaw
Fulcrum at the middle

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13
Q

Third class lever

A

Flexing a muscle, rowing a boat
Effort is at the middle

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13
Q

Second class lever

A

Pulling something or standing on tippy toes
Load in the middle

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14
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

Muscles contained within a region like the hand

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15
Q

Upper limbs

A

Anterior and posterior compartments

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16
Q

Lower limbs

A

Anterior, Posterior, medial, and lateral compartments.

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16
Q

Direct fleshy attachment

A

Close association with bones, connect to collagen fibers

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16
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Muscles that move the specific region but are found outside of the region like the forearm moving the hand

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17
Q

Indirect attachment

A

Tendon attaches muscles to bone, connects into periosteum and matrix

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18
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad sheet of tendon that can attach to tissues other than bones

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19
Q

Synergist

A

Prevents unwanted movement in an intermediate joint crossed by prime mover
Aids the prime mover

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19
Q

Prime mover

A

Produces the main action, chief muscle

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20
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes the action of the prime mover and must be relaxed before the contraction of prime mover

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20
Q

Fixator

A

Prevents bone movement by its concentration does not produce movement by itself but helps prime mover

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21
Q

Large muscles

A

Major or Maximus

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22
Q

Small muscle

A

Minor or minimums

23
Q

Broad muscle

A

Latissimus

24
Q

Long muscle

A

Longus

25
Q

Short muscle

A

Brevis

26
Q

Depth of muscle

A

Superficialis
Profundus
Externus

27
Q

Shape

A

Deltoid- triangular
Teres- rounded
Rectus- straight

28
Q

Number of head

A

Biceps- 2 heads
triceps- 3 head
quadriceps- 4 heads

29
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin is the sternum and the clavicle
Inserted on the mastoid process and nuchal line.
Inserted is more movable than origin

30
Q

Anterior muscles cause

A

They cause flexion

31
Q

Posterior muscles cause

A

They cause extension except the Knee

32
Q

Lateral muscles

A

Causes abduction, away from body

33
Q

Medial muscles

A

Causes adduction, toward the body

34
Q

Muscular system is the skeletal muscle of the body

A
35
Q

Frontalis

A

Elevated eyebrows

36
Q

Orbicularis occuli

A

closes eyes

37
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

closes lips

38
Q

Zygomatic major and minor

A

raises corners of the mouth to smile

39
Q

Risorius

A

expresses horror

40
Q

What muscles are involved in crying

A

Friendly cat often zig zag down mountains
Frontalis
Corrigator supercilli
Orbicularis oculi
Zygomatic major and minor
Depressor anguli oris
Mentalis

41
Q

Muscles for chewing to move the mandible

A

More Tea Less Milk
Medial pterygoid protrudes mandibles and moves it laterally, also elevate mandible
Temporalis elevate mandible
Masseter elevate mandible
Lateral pterygoid depresses mandible and moves it sideways

42
Q

Muscles of swallowing

A

4 muscles, glossus- tongue
Genioglossus protrudes tongue or moves it to one side
Hyoglossus depresses and retracts tongue
Styloglossus- pulls tongue up and back
Palatoglossus- tip of tongue to roof of mouth

42
Q

Anterior muscles of the neck

A

Move the hyoid and mandible

42
Q

Muscles that flex and extends necks

A

Strong superhero train smarter and strategically
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes ( anterior, medial and lateral) flexors

Trapezius
Splenius (capitis and cervicis)
Semispinalis( capitis and cervicis) extensors

42
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid

43
Q

Superficial muscles

A

Sternocleidomastoid and Platsysma overlap each other

44
Q

Infrahyoid

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid

45
Q

Anterior vertebral muscles

A

Rectus capitis, longus capitis, longus colli

46
Q

Muscles of the neck move the head in all directions
Lateral muscles

A

Scalenes muscles; anterior, middle and posterior; superficial

47
Q

Posterior muscles of the neck

A

Superficial layer- trapezius, splenus capitis, splenius cervicis
Deep Layer- Cervical transversospinales muscles( semispinalis capitis and cervicis)
Deepest layer- Suboccipital muscles ( rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior)

48
Q

Core muscles

A

Thoracic and Abdominal Muscles

49
Q

Diaphragm

A

Prime mover of inspiration

50
Q

Intercostal muscles help to aid breathing

A

Superficial external intercostal- aid in inspiration of air during breathing they raise and expand the rib cage

51
Q

Internal intercostal

A

Aid in expiration by drawing in ribs together,
under the externals

52
Q

Innermost intercostal

A

Deepest and act as a synergists for action of the internal intercostals

53
Q

3 flat muscles stack on top of each other to makes abdominal muscle

A

Transverse abdominal deepest
Internal oblique
External oblique superficial

54
Q

2 vertical muscles that assist the flat muscles in compressing abdominal viscera, stabilize pelvis and depress ribs

A

Pyramidalis stabilizes pelvis
Rectus Abdominis- abs muscle

55
Q

Abdominal muscles are layered for muscles

A

7 muscles layers together
External oblique- outermost
Internal oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis
Pyramidalis
Quadratus lumborum
Illiopsoas 2 parts

56
Q

Superficial muscles that rotate the head

A

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

57
Q

Superficial muscles of the back that move the shoulder

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhombois minor and major
Latissimus dorsi muscle

58
Q

Trapezius moves neck and stabilizes and moves the scapula

A

Descending elevates pectoral girdle
Middle retracts scapula
Ascending depresses shoulder

59
Q

Intermediate and deep muscles of the back move the ribs

A

Serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles
Levatores Costarum

60
Q

Muscles acting on the vertebral column flex the spin- Erector spinae

A

Spinalis group- closest to vertebrae
spinalis thoracics and cervicis
Longissimus group- next most lateral
Longissimus capitis, cervicis and thoracis
Illiocostalis group- most lateral
Illiocostalis cervicis, throracis, lumborum

61
Q

Deep muscles of the black extend the trunk and rotating the vertebrae

A

Transverspinales
Semispinalis- capitis, cervcis, thoracic
Multifidus- under semispinalis and are stablilizers
Rotatores- deepest of the group

62
Q

Core muscles used for hula hoop

A

Internal and external oblique
Transverse and Rectus Abdominis
Quadratus lumborum
Latissimus Dorsi
Erector Spinea group

ANATOMY (10 decks)

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