Cranial nerves and Spinal nerves Flashcards
How many cranial muscles
12
Olfactory nerve 1
Sensory nerve for smell
On the ethmoid bone
No muscles innervations
Optic nerve 2
Sensory nerve for vision/ sight
Transfer visual information
Oculomotor nerve 3
Motor nerve for eye movement
Innervates the following muscles:
Medial Rectus, Superior Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique and Levator Palpebrae Superioris.
Pupil constriction and accommodation
Trochlear Nerve 4
Motor nerve for eye movements
Innervates the superior oblique muscle
Trigeminal Nerve 5
Mixed nerve for sensation of the face and control of chewing movements
Innervated with muscles of mastication
Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid and Lateral Pterygoid.
Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Has mandibular division, maxillary division and ophthalmic division.
Abducens Nerve 6
Motor nerve for eye movements
Innervate with the lateral rectus muscle
Facial Nerve 7
Mixed nerve for sensation of taste and control of expressions, facial secretions
Innervates with temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical muscles
Lacrimal and salivary glands
Vestibulocochlear nerve 8
Sensory nerve for hearing and equilibrium
Attached to cochlear
Glossopharyngeal Nerve 9
Mixed nerve with diverse sensory and motor functions for head, neck, and thorax.
Innervates with stylopharyngeus muscle
Posterior third of the tongue
Vagus nerve 10
Mixed nerve for taste, gastrointestinal, swallowing, sensation, and control of various organs.
Heart: Slows the heart rate.
Lungs: Constricts the bronchi.
Digestive Tract: Stimulates peristalsis and secretion.
Other: Innervates glands and smooth muscles in the thorax and abdomen.
Accessory. Spinal Nerve 11
Motor nerve for swallowing, head, neck, and shoulder movements
Innervates with sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Hypoglossal nerve 12
Motor nerve controlling movements of the tongue
Innervates with extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus muscle, Hyoglossus muscle, Styloglossus muscle
OH OH OH To Touch And Feel Very Green Vegetable AH
Functions of spinal cord
Conduction- sensory information ascends and motor commands descend
Neural integration- processing of info from interneurons
Locomotion- coordinate simple repetitive movements
Reflexes- Involuntary stereotyped responses to stimuli
Spinal meninges
dura mater= outer layer, superficial
arachnoid mater= middle layer
pia matter= inner layer, deep
Section of spinal cord
Dorsal columns - white matter
Ventral horn- gray matter
White matter of the spinal cord
Mixture of nerve fibers, neuroglia, and blood vessels.
Types of Fibers
Sensory, motor and association
Mixed nerve
afferent and efferent fibers
first order neurons
carry signals from the periphery to the spinal cord
Second-order neurons
Carry signals from the spinal cord to the thalamus
Third- order neurons
carry signals from the thalamus to the primary sensory cortex
Nerve
several axons wrapped by connective tissue
endoneurium wraps one axon
perineurium wraps a fascicle of axons
epineurium wraps entire nerve
Ganglion
Cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
root- to spinal cord
rami- away from spinal cord
Cervical Plexus C1-C4
-Hypoglossal nerve (motor neuron)
-lesser occipital nerve- somatosensory
-great auricular nerve- somatosensory
-transverse cervical nerve- somatosensory
-Ansa cervicalis- motor, innervates with omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid
-Supraclavicular nerves- somatosensory
-Phrenic nerve- mixed, innervation with diaphragm
Brachial Plexus C5-C8, T1
Axillary nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
radial nerve
ulnar nerve
median nerve
Lumbar plexus
Interested in getting lunch on friday
Illiohypogastric nerve- mixed
illoinguinal nerve- mixed
Genitofemoral nerve- mixed
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve- somatosensory
Obturator nerve- mixed
Femoral nerve- mixed
Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses
L4-L5, S1-S5, Co1
Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Sciatic nerve
Common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
Posterior cutaneous nerve
Pudendal nerve
Spinal nerve are connected to spinal cord by
Posterior and anterior roots
Visceral reflex
Glands, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle acetylcholine, norepinephrine
Controlled by autonomic nervous system
Somatic reflex
Skeletal muscles acetylcholine
controlled by somatic nervous system
Least likely to cause a spinal cord injury
Fracture of vertebrae L4
