PART 9. PHYSICAL & COGNITIVE DEVLOPMENT IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD Flashcards
True or False. Growth in middle childhood slows down.
True
True or False. Both grey and white matter increases in middle childhood.
False. Only WHITE MATTER increases; grey matter decrases.
True or False. Rough-and-tumble play are participated by boys more than girls.
True
This is a vigorous play like wrestling, hitting, and chasing.
Rough-and-tumble play
This is a descriptive and evaluative belief about one’s body.
body image
Negative thoughts about one’s body.
body dissatisfaction
These are illnesses that lasts for a short period of time.
acute medical conditions
These are illnesses that persist for at least 3 months.
chronic medical conditions
A chronic respiratory disease which results to difficulty in breathing and sudden attacks of coughing and wheezing.
Asthma
A common disease in childhood indicated by high levels of glucose because of a defective production of insulin.
Diabetes
Piaget’s 3rd stage wherein kids reason logically but not abstractly.
concrete operational stage (7 to 12)
Advances in Selected Cognitive Abilities in Middle Childhood
- Spatial thinking
- Cause and effect
- Categorization
- Seriation and transitive inference
- Inductive and deductive reasoning
- Conservation
- Number and mathematics
Ability to arrange items in order according to a characteristic.
Seriation
Understanding of relationships between two objects by comparing them to another object.
transitive inference
Understanding of relationship between a whole and its parts.
class inclusion
Piaget’s 3 Stages of Moral Development
- rigid obedience to authority (2 to 7)
- increasing flexibility (7 to 11)
- ideal of equity (11 or 12)
Ability to deliberately direct attention and shut out distractions.
Selective attention
Voluntary suppression of unwanted response.
Inhibitory control
Understanding of the memory process.
Metamemory
A strategy used to aid the memory.
Mnemonic device
A mnemonic strategy that uses something outside the person.
External memory aids
A mnemonic strategy used to keep an item in the working memory through repetition.
Rehearsal
A mnemonic strategy of categorizing information.
Organization
A mnemonic strategy of making mental associations of information.
Elaboration
A intelligence scale that assesses children’s verbal and performance scores as well as combined scores.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)
A group intelligence test for kindergarten to grade 12.
Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT 8)
Intelligence test that aims to have no culturally linked content.
culture-free test
Intelligence test that contains questions associated with common experiences, in an attempt to avoid culture bias.
culture-fair test
It proposes that a person has several distinct forms of intelligence.
Gardener’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence
It proposes describes the 3 elements of intelligence.
Sternberg’s Theory of Intelligence
Multiple Intelligence
- linguistic
- logical-mathematical
- spatial
- musical
- bodily-kinesthetic
- interpersonal
- intrapersonal
- naturalist
3 elements of intelligence
- componential element (analytic aspect)
- experiential element (creative aspect)
- contextual element (practical aspect)
It is an assessment that evaluates intelligence through verbal, quantitative, and figurative tests.
Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test (STAT)
This is the information that is not formally taught or expressed but is necessary to get ahead.
tacit knowledge
Nontraditional intelligence test created for a fair assessments of minority kids and those with disabilities.
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC-II)
This test is based on Vygotsky’s theory that emphasizes potential instead of past learning.
dynamic tests
The social context of language; the way we converse.
pragmatics
An approach in teaching English by using English only instructions.
English-immersion approach
Is a system of teaching English by using the native language of the child as instruction but later switches to English.
bilingual education
A person who is fluent in 2 languages.
bilingual
A second-language learning wherein English and non-English speakers speak to each other and learn in their own and each other’s languages.
two-way (dual language) learning
Refers to the process of phonetic analysis by which a printed word is converted to spoken form before retrieval from long-term memory.
decoding
Is the method in teaching how to read by emphasis on decoding of unfamiliar words.
phonetic (code-emphasis) approach
Is the method in teaching how to read by emphasis on visual retrieval and use of contextual clues.
whole-language approach
True or False. Bilingual is more successful than English-immersion approach.
True
True or False. Bilingual is more successful than two-way (dual language) learning.
False. Two-way (dual language) learning is more successful than bilingual education.
True or False. Phonetic approach in teaching reading is more supported by research than whole-language approach.
True
True or False. Experts suggest to use a blend of the best features of phonetic (code-emphasis) approach and whole-language approach.
True
The process of retrieving the sound of a printed word by seeing the word as a whole.
visually based retrieval
Thinking about thinking
Metacognition
Family and community resources on which a person can draw.
social capital
The cognitive disability or significantly subnormal cognitive functioning.
intellectual disability
A disorder that interfere with specific aspects of learning and school achievement.
learning disability
A syndrome marked by persistent inattention, impulsivity, and inappropriate overactivity.
attention-deficit/hyperactivity syndrome (ADHD)
It is a developmental disorder in which reading achievement is substantially lower than predicted by IQ or age.
dyslexia
Ability to see situations in a new, different perspective.
creativity
Produces a variety of fresh, diverse, possibilities.
divergent thinking
Aimed at finding one right answer to a problem.
convergent thinking
This deepens the student’s knowledge and skills through extra activities.
Enrichment programs
This speeds up a child’s education.
Acceleration programs
This is a form of intelligence that is the using and understanding of words and nuances of meaning.
linguistic intelligence
It is a form of intelligence which is the ability to manipulate numbers and solve logical problems.
logical-mathematical intelligence
A form of intelligence in which one can find his/her way around an environment and judge relationships between objects in space.
spatial intelligence
This is the form of intelligence that perceives and create patterns of pitch and rhythm.
musical intelligence
Pertains to the form of intelligence which uses precise movements.
bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
Refers to the form of intelligence that enables one to understand and communicate with others.
interpersonal intelligence
A form of intelligence that allows a person to understand oneself.
intrapersonal intelligence
It is the form of intelligence that distinguishes species and their characteristics.
naturalist intelligence
