PART 11. PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE

Question 1

It is a developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing major physical, cognitive, and psychological changes.

Answer 1

Adolescence

Question 2

This refers to the process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.

Answer 2

Puberty

Question 3

True or False. Adolescence and puberty were thought to occur at the same time (around 13).

Answer 3

True

Question 4

This is a risky stage because of the immature brain at that time.

Answer 4

Adolescence

Question 5

2 Stages of Puberty

Answer 5

1. Adrenarche

2. Gonadarche

Question 6

It is the stage characterized by increasing level of androgens, most notably dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) which influences growth of pubic, axillary, and facial hair.

Answer 6

Adrenarche

Question 7

A puberty stage indicated by the maturation of sex organs.

Answer 7

Gonadarche

Question 8

True or False. Girls with lower percentage of body fat in early childhood tend to show earlier pubertal development.

Answer 8

False. Higher percentage of body fat

Question 9

These are the organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence.

Answer 9

Primary sex characteristics

Question 10

These are the physiological signs of sexual maturation (breast development and broading of shoulders) that do not involve sexual organs.

Answer 10

Secondary sex characteristics

Question 11

It is a rapid increase in height, weight, and muscle and bone growth that precedes sexual maturity. (Girls: 9 1/2 to 14 1/2 ; Boys: 10 1/2 to 16)

Answer 11

Adolescent growth spurt

Question 12

It is a boy’s first ejaculation through nocturnal emission.

Answer 12

Spermarche

Question 13

Also known as wet dreams, it is an involuntary ejaculation of semen.

Answer 13

Nocturnal emission

Question 14

This is a girl’s first menstruation.

Answer 14

Menarche

Question 15

It refers to the trend that can be seen only by observing several generations, like the trend toward earlier attainment of adult height and sexual maturity, which began a century ago in some centuries.

Answer 15

Secular trend

Question 16

True or False. Sexual maturity is earlier in developed countries than in developing countries.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

The brain network that is sensitive to social and emotional stimuli (peer influence).

Answer 17

Socioemotional network

Question 18

Brain network which regulates responses to stimuli.

Answer 18

Cognitive-control network

Question 19

True or False. Amygdala matures after the prefrontal cortex.

Answer 19

False. Amygdala MATURES EARLIER than prefrontal cortex. This may explain why teens act irrationally based on emotions. Since amygdala is more on emotions and prefrontal cortex is in-charge with reason, planning, and judgement.

Question 20

Late bedtimes and oversleeping in mornings results to _______.

Answer 20

insomnia

Question 21

What is a hormonal gauge of the brain of when we feel sleepy?

Answer 21

Melatonin

Question 22

_________ pertains to the descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one’s appearance. More common among girls than boys.

Answer 22

Body image

Question 23

Due to body dissatisfaction, others will manifest an eating disorder that is marked by self-starvation and is potentially life threatening. What is it?

Answer 23

Anorexia nervosa

Question 24

An eating disorder in which one will engage in binge eating and then purges the body by laxatives.

Answer 24

Bulimia nervosa

Question 25

It is the repeated, harmful use of a substance, usually alcohol.

Answer 25

Substance abuse

Question 26

________ is an addiction (physical, psychological, or both) to a harmful substance.

Answer 26

Substance dependence

Question 27

It is the act of consuming five or more drink on one occasion.

Answer 27

Binge drinking

Question 28

True or False. Prevalence of depression increases among adolescence.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What are the only antidepressant medications currently approved for adolescents?

Answer 29

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

Question 30

This is the final stage of Piaget's theory where teens are able to think abstractly.

Answer 30

formal operations

Question 31

________ is the ability to accompany the stage of formal operations, to develop, consider, and test hypothesis.

Answer 31

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Question 32

This is change in the information or thing inside the brain.

Answer 32

Structural change

Question 33

It pertains to the changes on how adolescents use stuff in the brain.

Answer 33

Functional change

Question 34

The long-term memory includes the following knowledge:

Answer 34

1. Declarative knowledge (facts) 2. Procedural knowledge (how) 3. Conceptual knowledge (why)

Question 35

_______, described as social dialect of puberty, is coined by linguist Marcel Danesi.

Answer 35

Pubilect

Question 36

Lawrence Kohlberg's 6 Stages in Moral Development

Answer 36

Stage 1: Orientation toward punishment and obedience Stage 2: Instrumental purpose and exchange Stage 3: Maintaining mutual relations Stage 4: Social concern and conscience Stage 5: Morality of contract, of individual rights, and of democratically accepted law. Stage 6: Morality of ethical universal principles

Question 37

What level of Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Development is when people base the right thing to do on direct consequences?

Answer 37

Level 1: preconventional morality

Question 38

What level of Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Development is when we base morality on abstract principles. ?

Answer 38

Level 3: postconventional morality

Question 39

What level of Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Development is when we base morality on conforming to social norms?

Answer 39

Level 2: conventional morality

Question 40

True or False. Gender differences in moral reasoning are small.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

True or False. Prosocial reasoning based on personal reflection about consequences and on internalized values and norms decrease with age.

Answer 41

False. INCREASE WITH AGE

Question 42

True or False. Reasoning based on stereotypes such as 'it's nice to help' decrease with age.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True or False. Self-efficacy have no association with school performance.

Answer 43

False. Those high in self-efficacy tend to do well in school.

Question 44

True or False. Adolescent males have more white matter.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

True or False. Adolescent females have more grey matter.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

True or False. Adolescent females show advantage for visual and spatial performance.

Answer 46

False. Adolescent males

Question 47

True or False. Adolescent females are more able than males to integrate verbal and analytic tasks (left brain) with spatial and holistic tasks (right brain).

Answer 47

True

Question 48

What is the personal involvement in schooling, work, family, or other activity?

Answer 48

Active engagement

Question 49

This type of working students work more than 20 hrs a week and spend little time in school or leisure activities.

Answer 49

Accelerators

Question 50

This type of working students are able to balance part-time jobs,school  works, and leisure activities.

Answer 50

Balancers