PART 4. BIRTH & PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT DURING THE FIRST 3 YEARS

Question 1

The apt term for the process of giving birth.

Answer 1

Labor

Question 2

Process of giving birth usually happens 2 weeks before delivery.

Answer 2

parturition

Question 3

These are false uterus contractions.

Answer 3

Braxton-Hicks contractions

Question 4

Stages of Childbirth

Answer 4

Stage 1: Dilation of Cervix
Stage 2: Descent and Emergence of Baby
Stage 3: Expulsion of the Placenta

Question 5

Is said to be the longest stage, lasting 12 to 14 hours (for first child). It is a stage characterized by uterine contractions that are 15 to 20 minutes apart at first, then 2 to 5 minutes toward s the end of the stage. It ends when the cervix is opened about 10 cm or 4 inches.

Answer 5

Stage 1: Dilation of Cervix

Question 6

This stage lasts for 1 to 2 hours; baby’s head emerges through the cervix into the vaginal canal. Ends when the baby is completely out from the mother’s body.

Answer 6

Stage 2: Descent and Emergence of Baby

Question 7

Lasts 10 minutes to 1 hour wherein the placenta and remainder of the umbilical cord are expelled from the mother.

Answer 7

Stage 3: Expulsion of the Placenta

Question 8

True or False. Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is always recommended.

Answer 8

False. When performing VBAC, proceed with caution.

Question 9

It is the mechanical monitoring of a fetal heartbeat during labor and delivery.

Answer 9

Electronic fetal monitoring

Question 10

2 childbirth methods

Answer 10

vaginal delivery

cesarean delivery

Question 11

It is the usual childbirth method.

Answer 11

vaginal delivery

Question 12

It is a childbirth method wherein the baby is delivered from the uterus surgically.

Answer 12

cesarean delivery

Question 13

This seeks to prevent pain by eliminating the mother’s fear through education about the physiology of reproduction as well as breathing and relaxation training during delivery.

Answer 13

natural childbirth

Question 14

This childbirth uses instruction, breathing exercises, and social support to induce controlled physical responses to uterine contractions and reduce fear and pain.

Answer 14

prepared childbirth

Question 15

A method of labor wherein the expectant mother works actively with their bodies and controlled breathing.

Answer 15

Lamaze Method by Ferdinand Lamaze

Question 16

Laboring method wherein woman gives birth in a quiet room under low lights to reduce stress, and newborn is gently massaged to ease crying.

Answer 16

LeBoyer Method

Question 17

Who proposed the labor method wherein woman are submerged in a soothing pool of water?

Answer 17

Michael Odent

Question 18

A local (vaginal) anesthesia given to a woman during the 2nd stage of delivery or when forceps are used.

Answer 18

pudendal block

Question 19

This medication reduces the pain perception of a woman giving birth by depressing the CNS activity.

Answer 19

analgesic (painkiller)

Question 20

This is injected into a space in the spinal cord to block nerve pathways that would carry sensation of pain to the brain.

Answer 20

regional (epidural/spinal) injections

Question 21

An experienced mentor who furnishes emotional support and information for a woman during labor.

Answer 21

doula

Question 22

This pertains to the first 4 weeks of life, a time of transition from intrauterine dependency to independent existence.

Answer 22

neonatal period

Question 23

What is a 4-week old baby called?

Answer 23

neonate

Question 24

This is a result from bones of skulls that do not meet and makes the soft spot of a baby.

Answer 24

fontanels

Question 25

These are fuzzy prenatal hair.

Answer 25

lanugo

Question 26

Aka cheesy varnish; an oily protection against infection found in newborn babies.

Answer 26

vernix caseosa

Question 27

Believed in the Middle ages to have special healing powers. These are secretions that leaks from swollen breasts of newborns.

Answer 27

Witch's milk

Question 28

It is a condition marked by reduced oxygen supply.

Answer 28

hypoxia

Question 29

It is a condition marked by lack of oxygen which may cause brain damage.

Answer 29

anoxia

Question 30

It is due to immaturity of liver and evidenced by yellowish appearance. It may cause brain damage if not treated promptly.

Answer 30

neonatal jaundice

Question 31

It is a stringy, greenish-black waste matter formed in the fetal intestinal tract.

Answer 31

meconium

Question 32

This is a standard measurement of a newborn baby. It assesses appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.

Answer 32

Apgar scale

Question 33

A neurological and behavioral test to measure neonate's responses to the environment. It assesses motor organization, reflexes, state changes, attention, and interactive capacities, as well as CNS stability.

Answer 33

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) -developed by Dr. T. Berry Brazelton

Question 34

Refers to an infants physiological and behavioral status at a given moment in the periodic daily cycle of wakefulness, sleep, and activity.

Answer 34

state of arousal

Question 35

These are babies born with less than 5 1/2 lbs (2,500 grams) at birth because of prematurity.

Answer 35

low-birth-weight babies (LBW)

Question 36

Infants that are born before completing the 37th week of gestation.

Answer 36

Premature (preterm) infants

Question 37

Infants whose birth weight is less than that of 90% of babies of the same gestation age, as a result of slow fetal growth.

Answer 37

small-for-date (small-for-gestational-age) infants

Question 38

Factors that affect the likelihood of having LWB babies

Answer 38

- demographic and socioeconomic factors - medical factors predating the pregnancy - prenatal behavioral and environmental factors - medical conditions associated with pregnancy

Question 39

fits and starts of brain growth

Answer 39

brain growth spurts

Question 40

A skin-to-skin method in which newborn is laid face down between mother's breast for an hour or so at a time of birth.

Answer 40

Kangaroo care

Question 41

These are essential lung-coating substance which keeps air sacs from collapsing.

Answer 41

surfactant

Question 42

A brain lipid that is good for mental development.

Answer 42

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Question 43

These are influences that reduce impact of potentially negative influences and tend to predict positive outcomes.

Answer 43

Protective factors

Question 44

Fetus that are not yet born as of 2 weeks after due date or 42 weeks after the mother's last menstrual period.

Answer 44

Postmature infants

Question 45

Death of a fetus at or after the 20th week of gestation.

Answer 45

stillbirth

Question 46

The proportion of babies born alive who die within the first year.

Answer 46

infant mortality rate

Question 47

Aka crib death; SIDS means

Answer 47

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Question 48

Principles of Development

Answer 48

cephalocaudal principle | proximodistal principle

Question 49

Principle that says development proceeds in a head-to-tail direction; upper parts of the body develops first before the lower parts of the trunk.

Answer 49

cephalocaudal principle

Question 50

Principle that says development proceeds from within and without; parts near the center develop before the extremeties.

Answer 50

proximodistal principle

Question 51

Pertains to the tendency of each of the brain's hemisphere to have specialized functions.

Answer 51

lateralization

Question 52

This is the process by which cells acquire specialized structures and functions.

Answer 52

differentiation

Question 53

This is the process by which neurons coordinate the activities of muscle groups.

Answer 53

integration

Question 54

Is the normal elimination of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient functioning.

Answer 54

cell death

Question 55

The process of coating neural pathways with a fatty substance called myelin. This enables faster communication between cells.

Answer 55

myelination

Question 56

These are automatic, involuntary, innate responses to stimulations.

Answer 56

reflex behaviors

Question 57

An early human reflex that occur when baby is dropped or hears a loud noise. The baby would: - extend limbs - arches back - draw back head

Answer 57

Moro

Question 58

An early human reflex that occur when palm of baby's hand is stroked. The baby would: - makes a strong fist - can be raised to a standing position if both fists are closed around a stick

Answer 58

Darwinian (grasping)

Question 59

An early human reflex that occur when baby is laid down on back. The baby would: - turns head to one side - assumes fencer position - extends limbs on preferred side - flexes opposite side

Answer 59

Tonic neck

Question 60

An early human reflex that occur when both of the baby's palms are stroked at once. The baby would: - mouth opens - eyes close - neck flexes - head tilts forward

Answer 60

Babkin

Question 61

An early human reflex that occur when baby's cheeks or lower lip is stroked with a finger or nipple. The baby would: -head turns -mouth opens sucking movement begins

Answer 61

Rooting

Question 62

An early human reflex that occur when sole of baby's foot is stroked. The baby would: - fan out toes - twist in foot

Answer 62

Babinski

Question 63

An early human reflex that occur when baby is held under arms with bare feet touching flat surface. The baby would make step-like motions.

Answer 63

Walking

Question 64

An early human reflex that occur when baby is put into water. The baby would make well-coordinated swimming movements.

Answer 64

Swimming

Question 65

These are increasingly complex combinations of motor skills which permit a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment.

Answer 65

systems of action

Question 66

Screening test that is given to children 1 month to 6 yrs old to determine whether they are developing normally.

Answer 66

Denver Developmental Screening Test

Question 67

These are physical skills that involve the large muscles.

Answer 67

gross motor skills

Question 68

These are physical skills that involve the small muscles and eye-hand coordination.

Answer 68

fine motor skills

Question 69

Uses eyes to guide movements of the hands or other parts of the body.

Answer 69

visual guidance

Question 70

ability to perceive object and surfaces in 3D

Answer 70

depth perception

Question 71

A theory proposed by Eleanor and James Gibson that describes developing motor and perceptual abilities as interdependent parts of a functional system that guides behavior in varying contexts.

Answer 71

Ecological theory of perception

Question 72

ability to acquire information about properties of objects, like size, weight, and texture by handling them

Answer 72

haptic perception

Question 73

Apparatus defined to give an illusion of depth and used to assess depth perception in infants.

Answer 73

visual cliff

Question 74

A theory proposed by Esther Thelen that views motor development as a dynamic process of active coordination of multiple systems within the infant in relation to the environment..

Answer 74

dynamic systems theory