part 6 Flashcards
- reduces glucose production by liver
- enhances insulin sensitivity
- improves glucose transport (into cell)
- may cause weight loss
- used in prevention of T2DM
Biguanides: Metformin (glucophage)
What is the most effective first line treatment for T2DM?
metformin (glucophage)
What is the primary action of metformin (glucophage)?
reduce glucose production by the liver
When should Biguanides: metformin (glucophage) be withheld and for how long?
- if pt is undergoing surgery or radiologic procedure with contrast medium
- day or 2 before and at least 48 hours after
- monitor serum creatinine
What are the contraindications for Biguanides: metformin (glucophage)
- renal, liver, cardiac disease (lactic acid accumulation)
- excessive alcohol intake
What do Sulfonylureas do?
increase insulin production from pancreas
What is a major side effect of Sulfonylureas?
hypoglycemia because it primarily increases insulin production
What are some examples of Sulfonylureas?
- Glipizide (glucotrol)
- Glyburide (glynase)
- Glimepiride (amaryl)
How are Meglitinides similar and different to Sulfonylureas?
- both increase insulin production from pancreas
- Sulfonylureas are more likely to cause hypoglycemia than meglitinides because megs are more rapidly absorbed and eliminated
When should Meglitinides be taken?
30 minutes or just before a meal
-should never be taken if a meal is skipped
What are 2 examples of Meglitinides?
Repaglinide (prandin)
Nateglinide (starlix)
This medication is known as a starch blocker.
alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Why is alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors known as starch blockers?
it slows doen the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine
When should alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors be taken?
with the first bite of each meal
What are some examples of alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors ?
- Acarbose (Precose)
- Miglitol (Glyset)
