part 2

Question 1

T2DM is usually a gradual onset and hyperglycemia may go many years without being detected. How is it usually discovered and what is usually found at the time of diagnosis?

Answer 1

• often discovered with routine labratory testing
• At time of diagnosis:
• 50-80% of beta cells are no longer secreting insulin
• average person has had diabetes for 6.5 years

Question 2

What are teh differences in environment factors for T1 and T2DM?

Answer 2

• T1DM: virus, toxins

- T2DM: obesity and lack of exercise

Question 3

What puts you at an increased risk for developing T2DM?

Answer 3

prediabetes

Question 4

How is prediabetes diagnosed?

Answer 4

-Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT): using the OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) scoring 140-199 mg/dL
or
-Impaired fasting glucose (IFG): with a fasting glucose of 100-125 mg/dL

Question 5

What are some other specific types of diabetes?

Answer 5

• can result from injury, interference, or destruction of Beta cell function in the pancreas
• medical conditions (pancreatitis), and/or medications (steriods, seizure meds like dilantin, and antipsychotics)

Question 6

If diabetes is caused by injury, interference, or destruction of beta cells or medical conditions/medications can it be resolved?

Answer 6

yes, it resolves when the underlying condition is resolved

Question 7

What labs diagnose diabetes?

Answer 7

• Glycosylated hemoglobin/A1C: 6.5% or higher
• Fasting plasma glucose of higher than 126 mg/dL
• Two-hour plasma glucose level during OGTT with glucose load of 75g: 200 mg/dL
• classic symptoms of hyperglycemia with random plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher

Question 8

Over how many months does glycosylated hemoglobin reflect?

Answer 8

-reflects glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months

Question 9

What is glycosylated hemoglobin used for?

Answer 9

monitor, diagnose, and screen pts

Question 10

What is the goal for glycosylated hemoglobin?

Answer 10

< 6.5% to 7%