part 1

Question 1

Why is type 1 diabetes considered an autoimmune disorder?

Answer 1

the body develops antibodies against insulin and/or pancreatic Beta cells that produce insulin
-results in not enough insulin to survive

Question 2

In what 4 ways are type 1 diabetes caused?

Answer 2

• autoimmune disorder
• genetic link
• idiopathic diabetes
• latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)

Question 3

What are islet cell autoantibodies associated with T1DM responsible for?

Answer 3

Beta-cell destruction

Question 4

How long are the islet autoantibodies present before symptoms occur?

Answer 4

months to years

Question 5

When will manifestations of T1DM develop and what will rapidly happen?

Answer 5

• manifestations will develop when the pancreas can no longer produce insulin
• then rapid onset with ketoacidosis
• the body requires exogenous insulin

Question 6

After a pt has an initial treatment for newly diagnosed T1DM what might happen?

Answer 6

-temporary 3-12 month remission

Question 7

What is the major difference between T1DM and T2DM?

Answer 7

• T1DM there is an absence of endogenous insulin
• T2DM the pancreas continues to produce some endogenous insulin. The insulin either isn’t enough or not used effectively

Question 8

What are the 4 aspects associated with the genetic link for T2DM?

Answer 8

1. insulin resistance
2. decreased insulin production by pancreas
3. inappropriate hepatic glucose production
4. altered production of hormones and cytokines by adipose tissue (adipokines)

Question 9

What syndrome increases the risk of T2DM?

Answer 9

metabolic syndrome

Question 10

What is metabolic syndrome?

Answer 10

Having 3 of 5:

• elevated glucose levels
• abdominal obesity
• elevated BP
• high levels of triglycerides
• decreased levels of HDLs