[Part 5]-B11- hormonal coordination 🫥🚺🚹

Question 1

How do hormonal contraceptives such as: an implant, skin patch or injection work ?

Answer 1

• hormonal contraceptives [such as: an implant, skin patch or injection] contain the hormone progesterone.

Question 2

RECAP: How does progesterone stop eggs from being matured or released ?

Answer 2

• progesterone, stops eggs from being matured or released because, it stops the pituitary gland, from releasing more follicle stimulating hormone [FSH].
• ; progesterone, also inhibits the release of luteinising hormone [LH]-preventing more eggs from maturing, or being released.

Question 3

How is the hormone, in a contraceptive implant delivered ?

Answer 3

• the contraceptive implant, is a tiny tube that’s inserted under the skin, that slowly releases progesterone.

Question 4

How is the hormone, in a contraceptive injection delivered ?

Answer 4

• the contraceptive injection, contains progesterone which lasts for 12 weeks.

Question 5

How is the hormone, in a contraceptive patch delivered ?

Answer 5

• the contraceptive patch contains a mixture of two hormones, which is stuck to the skin and replaced every seven days.

Question 6

What are the advantages and disadvantages, of hormonal contraceptives ?

Answer 6

• advantage- the contraceptive implant lasts for 3 years, and is 99.95% effective.
• disadvantage- ; these hormonal forms of contraception, can have side effects such as: weight gain, acne, changes in blood pressure and potential mood changes [could also take place.]

Question 7

What’s another disadvantage, of hormonal contraceptives ?

Answer 7

• disadvantage- like the pill, hormonal contraceptives don’t protect against sexually transmitted infections [STI], such as HIV

Question 8

How do barrier methods work ?

Answer 8

• barrier methods such as a condom or a diaphragm, prevents the sperm from reaching an egg [and fertilising it- barrier methods prevent fertilisation].

Question 9

How do condoms and diaphragms, work?

Answer 9

• This is because, a condom is a thin latex sheath that goes over the penis before intercourse, to collect sperm
• and a diaphragm, is a rubber diaphragm placed over the cervix, before intercourse. [and it’s initially fitted by a doctor]

Question 10

What are the advantages and disadvantages of barrier methods ?

Answer 10

• advantage- if used correctly they’re an effective form of contraception because, condoms can reduce the risk of STIs.
• disadvantage- ; condoms can get damaged, and let sperm through

Question 11

Fill in the gaps: both condoms and a diaphragm are ____ effective, if they’re used with a __________ gel.

Answer 11

• both condoms and a diaphragm are more effective, if they’re used with a spermicide gel.

Question 12

What are some other advantages and disadvantages, of barrier methods ?

Answer 12

• advantage- since they don’t use hormones, there aren’t any side effects such as: changes in blood pressure
• disadvantage- but if a diaphragm isn’t fitted correctly, sperm can get past

Question 13

What are spermicides ?

Answer 13

• spermicides, are chemicals that kill or disable sperm, reducing the chances of fertilisation
• ; they’re readily available, but not very effective.

Question 14

What’s a IUD ?

Answer 14

• also known as an intrauterine device or the coil, an IUD is a small structure inserted in the uterus [by a doctor], which prevents an embryo from implanting.

Question 15

What’s a IUD ?

Answer 15

• also known as an intrauterine device or the coil, an IUD is a small structure inserted in the uterus [by a doctor], which prevents an embryo from implanting.
• [there are two types of IUD’s: copper and plastic IUD’s- which release progesterone]

Question 16

How do coppper IUD’s work ?

Answer 16

• there are two types of IUD’s. copper IUD’s release in the womb, copper to prevent pregnancy.
• This is because, the copper alters the cervical mucus, which makes it more difficult for sperm to reach an egg and survive.
• ; a copper IUD, can also stop a fertilised egg from being able to implant itself.

Question 17

What’s the advantages and disadvantages, of an IUD ?

Answer 17

• advantage- an IUD is highly effective and can prevent pregnancy for up to ten years
• disadvantage- ; an IUD, doesn’t protect against sexually transmitted infections.

Question 18

What’s another disadvantage, of an IUD ?

Answer 18

• disadvantage- ; an IUD, may also cause period problems such as: period-type cramps, or bleeding for a few days after having an IUD fitted.

Question 19

How does [surgical] sterilisation in males work ?

Answer 19

• in men, sperm is prevented from leaving the penis.
• This is because, the sperm ducts are cut and tied, preventing sperm from being in semen. [known as a vasectomy]

Question 20

How does [surgical] sterilisation in females work ?

Answer 20

• in women, the egg is prevented from, reaching the uterus.
• This is because, the oviducts are cut and tied, preventing an egg reaching the uterus. [known as a hysterectomy]

Question 21

What are the advantages and disadvantages, of male sterilisation ?

Answer 21

• advantage- a vasectomy, is more than 99% effective
• disadvantage- ; a vasectomy, is considered permanent and is difficult to reverse. A person has to be certain, they won’t want children [before they go ahead]

Question 22

What are the advantages and disadvantages, of female sterilisation ?

Answer 22

• advantage- female sterilisation, is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.
• *disadvantage-** ; there’s a small risk of complications, such as internal bleeding, infection or damage to other organs.

Question 23

What’s another advantage, of female sterilisation ?

Answer 23

• advantage- female sterilisation dosen’t affect your hormone levels and women who have this operation, will still have periods.

Question 24

What’s another disadvantage, of female sterilisation ?

Answer 24

• disadvantage- there’s a small risk that the operation will not work. This is because, tubes can rejoin immediately or years later.
• and if the operation fails, this may increase the risk of a fertilised egg implanting outside the womb (ectopic pregnancy).

Question 25

How do natural forms of contraception work ?

Answer 25

• natural forms of contraception, such as abstinence, is abstaining from sexual intercourse.
• ; the rhythm method, is also a form of a natural contraception.
• This is because, it avoids sexual intercourse, around the fertile period, when an egg is released and present in the oviduct]

Question 26

What are advantages and disadvantages, of natural contraception ?

Answer 26

• advantage- there are no side effects, to natural forms of contraception
• disadvantage- ; it’s very hard to tell when a woman has ovulated, which makes it unreliable [and makes natural forms of contraception, difficult]

Question 27

Fill in the gaps: _______ methods of contraception such as the rhythm method, don’t prevent against ___’_.

Answer 27

• natural methods of contraception such as the rhythm method, don’t prevent against STI’s.

Question 28

Why can’t contraception, be answered by science alone ?

Answer 28

• contraception can’t be answered by science alone because, many people have strong opinions on contraception.