B11- hormonal coordination 🫥🚺🚹

Question 1

What’s the endocrine system ?

Hint: how the body

Answer 1

• the endocrine system, is how the body is controlled by chemicals, called hormones
• and it consists of a number of glands, which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 2

What can you tell me about the glands of the endocrine system ? [3] 🎯

Answer 2

• the endocrine system consists of a number of glands, which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
• and the blood carries the hormones, all around the body.
• ; each hormone, only acts on specific target hormones where it produces an effect.

Question 3

What else does the pancreas do ?

Answer 3

• although the pancreas makes enzymes. enzymes which break down: sugars, fats, and starches.
• the pancreas also releases hormones, [insulin] involved in controlling the concentration of glucose, in the blood

Question 4

What do the ovaries and the testes do ?

Hint: produce

Answer 4

• the ovaries and testes release hormones involved in puberty, and in reproduction
• the ovaries [females only] produce oestrogen- a hormone involved in the menstrual cycle
• and the testes [males only] produce testosterone- a hormone that controls puberty and sperm production, in males

Question 5

What does the thyroid gland do ?

Answer 5

• the thyroid gland, produces hormones that are involved in growth [thyroxine]
• and it also produces hormones involved in regulating the body’s basal metabolic rate- how rapidly the body’s reaction takes place

Question 6

What do the adrenal glands do ?

Answer 6

• the adrenal glands, release the hormone adrenaline- which is produced in times of fear or stress.

Question 7

What do the pituitary gland do ?

Answer 7

• the pituary hormones triggers a range of different effects in the body, by acting on glands

Question 8

What’s the pituitary gland ?

Hint: pea-sized body

Answer 8

• the pituitary gland is a major endocrine gland, that has a pea-sized body, which is attached to the base of the brain.

Question 9

Where is the pituary gland located ?

Answer 9

n, the pituitary gland is known as the ‘master gland’ and is extremely important.

Question 10

Why is the pituitary gland known as the master gland [by scientists] ?

Hint: act on other glands, releases a number of…

Answer 10

• the pituitary gland is known as the master gland because:
• it releases a number of hormones into the blood, depending on the conditions.
• and pituitary hormones, act on other glands and they cause other hormones to be released.

Question 11

What hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland ?

Answer 11

• ACTH – Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
• and ADH – Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 12

Why is it important to control the concentration of glucose, in the blood?🩸

Hint: needed by every cell to…

Answer 12

• it’s important to control the concentration of glucose in the blood because:
• glucose is needed by every cell to release energy by respiration, so it’s important that the concentration of glucose in the blood, is kept as constant as possible.

Question 13

What is the blood glucose concentration monitored by ?

Answer 13

• the blood glucose concentration, is monitored by the pancreas

Question 14

RECAP: What is glucose ?

Hint: main type of

Answer 14

• glucose is the main type of sugar in the blood, and it is the major source of energy for the body’s cells.
• [This is because, it’s required by the cells of the body, for respiration in order to release energy]

Question 15

What’s glucagon ?

Answer 15

• Glucagon, is a hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels

Question 16

What’s glycogen ?

Answer 16

• glycogen, is the polysaccharide glucose is stored as, and it is the carbohydrate store in animals, including the muscles, liver, and brain of the human body.

Question 17

What’s insulin ?

Answer 17

• insulin, is a hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels [by decreasing the blood glucose concentration]

Question 18

What happens when the blood glucose concentration is too high ? ⬆️

Answer 18

• if the blood glucose concentration is too high, the pancreas [senses this and] produces the hormone insulin. [e.g- after a meal rich in carbohydrates]
• insulin then travels in the bloodstream all around the body, and triggers body cells to take up glucose, from the blood.
• [; it can also trigger liver and muscle cells, to store excess glucose as glycogen- a storage molecule]

Question 19

What happens when the blood glucose concentration is too low ? ⬇️

Answer 19

• when the blood glucose concentration is too low, the pancreas [senses this] and releases the hormone glucagon, into the bloodstream.
• glucagon will then triggers liver cells to convert glycogen stores back to glucose- this glucose is then released into the blood.
• [as glucagon breaks down glycogen to glucose, in the liver.]

Question 20

How does glucagon interact with insulin, to control blood glucose levels ?

Answer 20

• glucagon interact with insulin, to control blood glucose levels because, they have opposite effects on the blood glucose concentration, and form a negative feedback cycle.
• if the blood glucose concentration rises, the pancreas releases insulin, causing the glucose concentration to fall.
• But when the blood glucose concentration falls to a certain level, the pancreas will then release glucagon- [causing the blood glucose concentration, to then to rise again]

Question 21

What is a polysaccharide ?

Hint: several

Answer 21

• a polysaccharide, are several sugars, that are joined together in one long chain

Question 22

What’s the difference between glucose 🆚 glycogen 🆚 glucagon ?

Answer 22

• glucose is the main type of sugar in the blood, and is the major source of energy for the body’s cells.
• ; - glycogen, is the polysaccharide glucose is stored as, and is the carbohydrate store in animals.
• and glucagon, is a hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels