B15- Adaptations, interdependence and competition 🦁 🆚 🐆

Question 1

What does the term ‘population’ mean?

Hint: organisms of the same species

Answer 1

• population, is the total number of organisms [of the same species], living in the same geographical area.

Question 2

What is a habitat?

Hint: the organism lives

Answer 2

• a habitat, is the environment in which the organism lives

Question 3

What’s a community?

Hint: live in the same habitat

Answer 3

• A community is the population of all the different species, that live in the same habitat.

Question 4

What is the difference between biotic and abiotic?

Answer 4

• Biotic means non living; abiotic means non-living

Question 5

What’s an ecosystem?

Hint: what parts ?- how they interact

Answer 5

• An ecosystem is both the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment, and how they interact.

Question 6

What do plants complete for?

Answer 6

• Plants compete for:
• light
• space
• water
• minerals ions from the soil
• [carbon dioxide]

Question 7

What do animals compete for?

Answer 7

• Animals compete for:
• food
• water
• mating partners/mates
• territory
• [shelter]

Question 8

What’s interdependence?

Answer 8

Interdependence means that all of the different species in a community, depend on each other

Question 9

What happens if a species disappears from a community?

Answer 9

• If a species disappears from a community, this can then affect the whole community.

Question 10

What are the four biotic factors?

Hint: 🦠

Answer 10

• competition between species- if a species is outcompeted, the population can fall so much—-> numbers are no longer sufficient to breed—-> the species may become extinct.
• new pathogens- if an infectious deviates emerges and spreads, it can wipe out the population of a species.

Question 11

What’s a stable community?

Answer 11

• A stable community is when populations of organisms, are in balance with each other + with the abiotic resources [e.g- water]

Question 12

How are availability of food, and the arrival of a new predator biotic factors?

Answer 12

• availability of food- if the availability of food falls, so will the number of organisms in that community aswell
• arrival of a new predator- can cause the population of a prey species to fall, or can affect existing predators- [e.g- they’re competing for the same prey.

Question 13

List all four biotic fours [4]

Answer 13

• competition between species
• arrival of a new pathogen
• new pathogens
• availability of food

Question 14

List all seven abiotic factors [7]

Hint: carbon dioxide levels for plants

Answer 14

• light intensity
• temperature
• moisture levels
• soil pH and mineral content
• wind intensity and direction
• carbon dioxide levels for plants
• oxygen levels for aquatic animals

Question 15

Explain how light intensity is an abiotic factor

Hint: photosynthesis, rate- what happens?

Answer 15

• all plants need light to carry out photosynthesis
• ; if the light intensity is too low= rate of photosynthesis falls= plants will grow more slowly.
• this can have a major impact on a community, because if plants grow more slowly, animals which feed in plants might not have enough food.

Question 16

Explain how temperature is an abiotic factor

Hint: disturbance of species- plant species dissapear

Answer 16

• if the temperature of an environment, this can cause the disturbance of species to change.
• for example, animals may migrate + plant species species may disappear from that area.

Question 17

Explain how water and moisture levels are abiotic factor.

Answer 17

• both plants and animals need water to survive + many species are adapted to deal with low levels of water.

Question 18

How is soil pH and mineral content an abiotic factor for plants ?

Hint: can’t grow, make animo acids for proteins

Answer 18

• many plants can’t grow on soil which is too acidic or alkaline
• Also, plants also need certain minerals in the soil such as nitrates which is used to make amino acids for proteins

Question 19

Give an example of how wind intensity and wind direction is an abiotic factor.

Hint: strong winds borrowing inland

Answer 19

• For example, strong winds borrowing inland from the sea, can cause plants to lose water
• Therefore, plants growing in sand dunes are often adapted to reduce water loss

Question 19

Explain how oxygen levels for aquatic animals is an abiotic factor

Hint: respiration, dissolved oxygen can fall- what happens ?

Answer 19

• oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration + level of oxygen in the air stays fairly constant.
• ; the level of dissolved oxygen in water can fall [e.g- on hot days]
• This can be harmful to aquatic organisms [e.g- fish]

Question 20

Explain how carbon dioxide levels for plants is an abiotic factor

Hint: photosynthesis

Answer 20

• carbon dioxide is needed for plants to photosynthesise.
• ; if carbon dioxide levels fall, the rate of photosynthesis can decrease.