B12- reproduction 🧬 Flashcards
1
Q
RECAP: What are chromosomes?
Hint: carry genes
A
- Chrosomes carry the genes, that contain the instruction for making new cells, [aswell as all the tissues +organs required to make an entire new person/new you]
- body cells are paired + contain two of each chrosome.
2
Q
RECAP: What are genes ? [2]
Hint: small packet of information
A
- a gene, is a small packet of information that contains a characteristic, or part of a characteristic of your body.
- [It’s a section of your DNA and is carried in a large number, by chromosomes.]
3
Q
RECAP: What does the term ‘DNA’ mean?
Hint: makes up chromosomes
A
- DNA, is the unique molecule that makes up your chromosomes
4
Q
- RECAP- Fill in the gaps: Humans have __ chromosomes in the nuclues of your body’s cells, that are arranged in __ pairs.
A
- Humans have 46 chromosomes in the nuclues of your body’s cells, that are arranged in 23 pairs.
5
Q
What’s a gamete ?
Hint: an ordinary cell
A
- a gamete, is a sex cell which has half the chromosome number of an ordinary cell.
- in humans, the gametes are the sperm cell and the egg cell
6
Q
How many chromosomes do human sperm and egg cells, contain ?
A
- human sperm and egg cells, contain 23 single chromosomes.
- this is because, a gamete has half the chromosome number of an ordinary cell [as their chromosomes are not paired]
7
Q
How are gametes made ?
A
- gametes, are made by a type of cell division known as meiosis
- and unlike mitosis, meiosis produces non-indentical cells
8
Q
What is sexual reproduction ?
Hint: the fusion of…
A
- sexual reproduction, is the type of reproduction in which two parent organisms produce offspring, through the fusion of gametes, or sex cells.
- ; sexual reproduction, results in offspring with a unique combination of genetic material, from both parents.
9
Q
What is asexual reproduction ?
A
- asexual reproduction, is a form of reproduction that involves only one individual, with no fusing of gametes to produce the offspring
10
Q
What’s the difference between asexual reproduction 🆚 sexual reproduction ?
A
- asexual reproduction, is a form of reproduction that involves only one individual, with no fusing of gametes to produce the offspring
- sexual reproduction, is the type of reproduction in which two parent organisms produce offspring, through the fusion of gametes, or sex cells.
- ; sexual reproduction, results in offspring with a unique combination of genetic material, from both parents.
11
Q
What are the features of sexual reproduction ?
A
- sexual reproduction, involves the fusion [joining] of male and female gametes- this is known as fertilisation
- and in sexual reproduction, the offspring receives genetic information from both female and male parents
- variation can be seen in their offspring
12
Q
What is variation ?
A
- variation, is the differences in the characteristics of individuals, in a population
13
Q
In sexual reproduction, why can variation be seen ?
A
- in sexual reproduction, the offspring receives genetic information from both female and male parents
- ; because all gametes are different, this means variation can be seen in their offspring
14
Q
What are the features of asexual reproduction ?
A
- there is only one parent, so asexual reproduction doesn’t involve gametes
- in asexual reproduction, meiosis dosen’t take place- because gametes aren’t involved [it only involves mitosis]
- and in asexual reproduction, the offspring produced are genetically identical to the parent
15
Q
Why doesn’t asexual reproduction, involve gametes ?
A
- this is because there’s only parent therefore, there is no mixing of genetic information
