B10- the nervous system 🧠🩻 Flashcards
- Fill in the gaps; In order to work, enzymes and cells require very ______ conditions
- This means that enzymes and cells can’t work well, if the __________ around them change too much
- In order to work, enzymes and cells require very stable conditions
- This means that enzymes and cells can’t work well, if the conditions around them change too much- In order to work, enzymes and cells require very stable conditions
What is homeostasis ?
Hint: regulation, optimum conditions, reponse
- homeostasis, is the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism, to maintain optimum conditions for a function, in repose to internal and external changes.
- in other terms, it’s about keeping internal conditions as constant as possible.
What are the internal conditions [inside your body] that homeostasis controls [keeping them constant] ?
Hint: the blood
- the concentration of glucose in the blood
- body temperature
- and water levels
Why do internal conditions need to be maintained ?
Hint: cells and enzymes
- internal conditions need to be maintained because, cells and enzymes depend on the body’s environment to live and function- they require very stable conditions, in order to work
- meaning that enzymes and cells can’t work well, if the conditions around them change too much
What does homeostasis consist of ?
Hint: automatic- what do they do?
- homeostasis, consists of automatic control systems.
- these automatic control systems, make sure the internal conditions of your body, stay as constant as possible.
What are some examples, of the automatic control systems in the human body ?
- the nervous system
- and, hormones
Describe the general features of an automatic control systems [6]
Hint: receptor cells first detect, known as, pass information to a…, sends instructions to… and makes the reponse
- receptor cells first detect changes in the environment [e.g- the body’s internal conditions, such as the concentration of glucose in the blood]
- these changes to the environment, are known as stimuli.
- and the receptor cells now pass information to a coordination centre [e.g- the brain, spinal cord or pancreas]
- the coordination centre receives the information, and processes the information from the receptor cells.
- after it’s received and processed the information, the coordination centre now sends instructions to the effector [e.g- a muscle or gland].
- An effector makes the response to the stimulus received- it restores the optimum level.
What’s an example of an environment, in homeostasis ?
Hint: external and internal
- an example of an environment, in homeostasis is:
- the body’s internal conditions, such as the concentration of glucose in the blood.
- or the body’s external conditions, such as the temperature of the skin]
What are stimuli ?
Hint: changes to…
- stimuli, are changes to the environment.
What’s a coordination centre? [2]
- coordination centres [also known as CNS- the central nervous system] are areas that receive and process information from receptors
- ; they can also send out signals and coordinate responses to the body.
What’s a receptor ?
Hint: cell that can detect change…
- a receptor, is a cell that can detect changes in the internal or external environment.
- [There are many different examples of receptors in sense organs aswell.]
What’s an effector ?
- an effector, is a cell, tissue, or organ that makes the response to the stimulus received- it restores the optimum level.
What’s the difference between a receptor 🆚 an effector ?
Hint: makes the reponse, detect…
- a receptor, is a cell that can detect changes in the internal or external environment.
- ; an effector, is a cell, tissue, or organ that makes the response to the stimulus received- it restores the optimum level.
Applying your knowledge of enzymes, explain in detail why internal conditions need to be maintained.
Hint: certain conditions, outside range- why ?
- internal conditions need to be maintained because, enzymes will only function properly under a small range of certain conditions, such as a preferred pH and temperature.
- ; if any conditions are outside their specific range then the enzymes cannot function.
- This is because, too high of a condition outside of their specific range can denature them.
- For example, too high of a temperature leads to denaturation of enzymes which is irreversible.
Apply your knowledge of osmosis explain in detail, why internal conditions need to be maintained.
Hint: body cells- efficiently, dilute out ions
- internal conditions need to be conditions because:
- if body cells lose or gain too much water by osmosis, they do not function efficiently.
- This is because, too little water results in dehydration and [chemical reactions that take place in cytoplasm of the cell…]
- ; too much water, can dilute out ions, and water would moving via osmosis, would be in the incorrect way.
