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First Aid Facts > Parasitology - Worms and Flukes > Flashcards

Parasitology - Worms and Flukes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Intestinal Nematodes? (4)

A

1) Enterobius Vermicularis (pinworm)
2) Ascaris Lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
3) Strongyloides Stercoralis
4) Ancylostoma Duodenale, Necator Americanus (hookworms)

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2
Q

What is the transmission and symptoms of Enterobius Vermicularis?

A

Fecal-Oral route

Intestinal infection causing Anal Pruritis

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3
Q

How do you diagnose an Enterobius Vermicularis infection?

A

Scotch Tape Test

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4
Q

What is the treatment of Enterbius Vermicularis?

A

Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

Bendazoles because worms are bendy

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5
Q

What is the transmission and symptoms of Ascaris Lumbricoides?

A

Fecal-Oral route; intestinal infection

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6
Q

Treatment of Ascaris Lumbricoides?

A

Bendazoles or pyrantel

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7
Q

What is the transmission and symptoms of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Larvai in skin penetrate the skin

Cause intestinal infection = vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain (may be peptic ulcer like)

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8
Q

Treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Ivermectin or Albendazole

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9
Q

What is the transmission and symptoms of Ancylostoma duodenal, Necator Americanus?

A

Larvae penetrate skin causing an intestinal infection = anemia b/c sucking blood fro intestinal walls

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10
Q

Treatment of Ancylostoma Duodenale, Necator Americanus?

A

Bendazoles or pyrantel

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11
Q

What syndrome can Ascaris Lumbricoides, Strongyloids Stercoralis, Ancylostoma Duodenale, and Necator Americanus cause? What are the symptoms?

A

Lofflers Eosinophilic Pneumonitis; Disease in which eosinophils accumulate in lungs in response to parasitic infection; Cardiac damage is caused by the damaging effects of eosinophilic granule proteins = Loeffler Endocarditis (idiopathic or parasitic infection response)

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12
Q

What are the worms that infect tissue? (4)

A

1) Onchocerca Volvulus
2) Loa Loa
3) Wuchereria bancrofti
4) Toxocara canis

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13
Q

How is Onchocerca volvulus transmitted?

A

Female blackly bite

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of an Onchocerca volvulus infection?

A

Hyperpigemented skin and river blindness (black flies, black skin nodules, black sight); allergic reaction possible to microfilaria is possible

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15
Q

How do you treat Onchocerca volvulus?

A

Ivermectin (ivermectin for river blindness)

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16
Q

How is loa loa transmitted?

A

Deer fly, horse fly, mango fly

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of a loa loa infection?

A

Swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva

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18
Q

What is the treatment for loa loa?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

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19
Q

How is Wuchereria bancrofti transmitted?

A

Female mosquito

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of Wuchereria bancrofti?

A

Blocks lymphatic vessels = elephantitis; takes 9mo-1yr after bite to become symptomatic

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21
Q

How do you treat Wuchereria bancrofti?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

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22
Q

How is toxocara canis transmitted?

A

Fecal-Oral

23
Q

Symptoms of Toxocara Canis?

A

Visceral Larva migrans

24
Q

Treatment of Toxocara Canis?

A

Albendazole or Mebendazole

25
Q

What are the nemotodal routes of infection? (3 mnemonics)

A

1) Ingested - Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara (You’ll get sick if you EAT these)
2) Cutaneous - Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator (These get into your feet from the SANd)
3) Bites - Loa Loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wucheria bancrofti (Lay LOW to avoid getting bit)

26
Q

What are the Cestodes (tapeworms)? (3)

A

1) Taenia Solium
2) Diphyllobothrium datum
3) Echinococcus granulosus

27
Q

How is Taenia solium transmitted?

A

Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork
Ingestion of eggs
Prevalent in mexican, central/south american, and southeast asian immigrants

28
Q

What is the result of a Taenia solium infection?

A

Intestinal infection, cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis

29
Q

What is the treatment of Taenia solium? (Different for intestinal infection vs Cystcercosis/neurocystercosis)

A 
Intestinal = Praziquantel
Cysticercosis/Neurocystitis = Praziquentel; albendazole for neuro
30
Q

How is Diphyllobothrium latum transmitted?

A

Ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish

31
Q

What are the symptoms of Diphyllobothrium latum?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency (tapeworm compete for B12 in intestine) –> anemia

32
Q

What is the treatment for Diphyllobothrium latum?

A

Praziquentel

33
Q

What is the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Ingestion of eggs from dog feces

34
Q

What happens in an Echinococcus granulosa infection?

A

Hydatid cysts in liver, causing anaphylaxis if antigens are released

35
Q

How do you remove an Echinococcus granulosa cyst?

A

Surgeon will pre inject with ethanol to kill cyst before removal

36
Q

How do you treat Echinococcus granulosa?

A

Albendazole

37
Q

What are the Trematodes? (Flukes) (2)

A

1) Schistosoma

2) Clonorchis Sinensis

38
Q

How is Schistosoma transmitted?

A

Snails are host; cercariae penetrate skin of humans; “Swimmer’s Itch”

39
Q

What are the symptoms of a Shistosoma infection?

A

Liver and Spleen granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation

40
Q

What does a chronic infection with S. Haematobium lead to?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the bladder

41
Q

Egyptian immigrant presents with painless hematuria?

A

Schistosoma Haematobium

42
Q

What is the treatment for Schistosoma?

A

Praziquantel

43
Q

How does Clonorchis Sinensis get transmitted?

A

Undercooked fish

44
Q

What are the symptoms of Clonorchis Sinensis infection?

A

Biliary tract inflammation = pigmented gallstones

45
Q

What cancer is Clonorchis sinensis associated with?

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

46
Q

What is Clonorchis sinensis treated with?

A

Praizuquantel

47
Q

Association: Biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinensis

48
Q

Association: Brain cysts, seizures

A

Taenia Solium (cysticercosis)

49
Q

Association: Hematuria, bladder cancer

A

Schistosoma haematobium

50
Q

Association: Liver (hydatid) cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

51
Q

Association: Microcytic anemia

A

Ancylostoma, Necator

52
Q

Association: Perianal pruritis

A

Enterobius

53
Q

Association: Portal HTN

A

Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum

54
Q

Association: Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

First Aid Facts (20 decks)

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