Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VETMED: Dealing With Threats > Parasitology: Platyhelminths > Flashcards

Parasitology: Platyhelminths Flashcards

1
Q

General Characteristics of Phylum Platyhelmithes

A
  • flat mostly
  • hermaphrodites (have both sex organs)
  • definitive host diagnosis– eggs
  • at least 1 intermediate host (diagnosis is difficult)
  • tapeworms and flukes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which worms are associated with Class Cestoda?

A

Tapeworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Characteristics of tapeworms

A
  • segmented, often long
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where should we generally assume Cestodas are

A

in small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: tapeworms have an intestine

A

false; they do not, and they absorb nutrients across the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tapeworms have at least 1 _____.

A

intermediate host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the segments of the Adult Tapeworm

A
  • the scolex
  • the neck
  • Proglottids (segments)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the Scolex?

A

the anterior end, has suckers and/or hooks that allow it to attach to gut wall, though they are capable of moving around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the importance of the neck in tapeworms?

A

it is the region of cell division, which gives rise to proglottids (segments)
these mature as they move down the chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the Proglottids?

A

oldest segments of the tapeworm, located at the posterior end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Each segment of a tapeworm has at least _____

A

one set of all reproductive organs of both sexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The segments of tapeworms are classifed as____ or _____

A

immature: fertilization cannot take place, will mature as it moves down the chain

Mature: fertilization can take place here.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A Gravid contains what?

A

fully developed eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a gravid?

A

a segment of Tapeworm that is full of eggs. Essentially, the uterus full of eggs. As soon as it comes out of the host, it is fully infective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the general term for a larval tapeworm?

A

metascestode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the general life cycle of tapeworms?

A
  1. Adult tapeworm lays eggs which are passed into environment.
  2. Infective eggs are eaten by the intermediate host.
  3. Metacestode/intermediate host eaten by the definitive host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts of the family Taeniidae

A

vertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do the segments of Taeniidae look like?

A

square to rectangular in shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which stage is most important for disease and/or ecnomic loss?

A

the larval stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why don’t we see Taeniidae eggs in fecal samples

A

Because the eggs are located in the segments (gravid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

For the Family Taeniidae, the definitive host is generally a _____

A

predatory mammal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

for the family Taeniidae, the intermediate host is generally a____

A

herbivore or carnivore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the two important larval forms of Taeniidae?

A
  • Cystticercus

- Hydatid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is cysticercus composed of?

A
  • have fluid-filled bladder

- have an inverted, invaginated scolex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

1 cysticercus will produce how many adult tapeworms in the definitive host

A

only 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is an infection with cysticercus called?

A

cysticercosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are some noteworthy taeniid species with canid or felid definitive hosts in the US.

A
  • Taenia pisiformis
  • Taenia taeniaeformis
  • Taenia hydatigena
  • Echinococcus mutilocularis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

T. taeniaeformis is a common tapeworm of ____

A

hunting cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the intermediate host of T. taeniaeformis? where are the larvae located?

A
  • rodents

- the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the definitive host of T. pisiformis?

A

canids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the intermediate host of T. pisiformis?

A

rabbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

T/F: if a cat eats a rabbit infected with T. pisiformis, it will get a tape worm.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Clinical signs of tapeworms

A
  • pretty benign, don’t cause many issues

- no diarrhea, no weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

T/F: fecal floats are good at detecting tapeworm eggs

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How do you diagnose tapeworm infections?

A

segment or egg detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

T/F: tapeworm segments can move away from where they were dropped

A

true, to a short distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

how are tapeworm eggs dispersed from the segment?

A

segment dissolves or dries out, and the eggs are released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the definitive host of T. hydatigena

A

canids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the intermediate host of T. hydatigena

A

wild, domestic ruminants, pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where are the cysticerci attached to in these intermediate hosts? When would these cause concern

A

on the peritoneal membranes; at slaughter of food animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Why does Echinococcus have a different species name than other tapeworms?

A

its a different kind of tapeworm in its larval stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Differentiate between Echinococcus spp. and Taenia spp.

A

Echinococcus spp. are much tinier than Taenia spp. (3-6 mm in length

  • the host will have many small tapeworms rather than a few big ones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the metacestode stage of Echinococcus spp.

A

the Hydatid cyst.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

T/F: Echinococcus spp. are zoonotic

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the importance of the hydatid cyst asexual multiplication

A

multiple scoleces are formed, could potentially form thousands of scoleces

46
Q

What are the two types of hydatid cysts?

A
  • multilocular cysts, which continue to bud off new chambers (seen in E. multilocularis)
  • unilocular hydatid cysts, which grows like a balloon as more buds form within it (seen in E. granulosus and others)
47
Q

What is the definitive host of E. multilocularis

A
  • foxes, but sometimes dogs and other canids (and rarely a cat)
48
Q

What are the intermediate hosts of E. multilocularis?

A

small rodents, humans

49
Q

What is the larval stage of E. multilocularis?

A

….. multilocular hydatid cyst

50
Q

What is the clinical importance of E. multilocularis?

A
  • ITS ZOONOTIC (hydatidosis)

- difficult to surgically remove because of invasive growth

51
Q

T/F: Echinococcus multilocularis infection is easy to diagnose in dogs.

A

false, Hard af

52
Q

What type of hydatid cyst do E. granluosus form?

A

unilocular hydatid cyst formed in intermediate hosts

53
Q

What is the definitive host of E. granulosus? the intermediate host?

A

definitive: dogs
Intermediate: sheep

54
Q

Should you expect your sheep guard dog to be infected with E. granulosus?

A

no, your guard dog shouldn’t be eating your sheep

55
Q

Why don’t we worry about E. granulosus in US?

A

we don’t allow for the cycle to be completed. we remove the carcasses of sheep who die. The dogs therefore can’t eat them

56
Q

What are the intermediate and definitive hosts of Taenia saginata?

A

definitive: humans
intermediate: bovines

57
Q

What type of T. saginata larvae are present in the intermediate host? where in the host?

A
  • cysticerci

- the muscles

58
Q

Clinical importance of T. saginata

A
  • causes mild abdominal discomfort
  • occurs worldwide (was less of a problem in US, but prevalence likely rising due to immigrants from endemic areas and contaminated cattle feed)
59
Q

How do you diagnose T. saginata?

A
  • slaughter inspection: check masseter, tongue, heart incised, and other muscle examination
60
Q

How do you treat T. saginata?

A
  • none in cattle

- cysticerci killed by heating to 57 C or freezing to -10 C for 10 days

61
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts of Taenia solium?

A

Definitive: Humans

Intermediate: porcine

62
Q

What are the concerns regarding T. solium infection in humans?

A
  • humans can also be intermediate hosts for T. solium, The cysticerci can form anywhere in the body
  • known as cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis
63
Q

Clinical signs of cystercercosis/neurocysticercosis

A
  • headache, confusion, seizures

- this is the leading cause of adult onset epilepsy

64
Q

what are the intermediate hosts of Non-taeniid tapeworms

A

arthropods

65
Q

What is the metacestode stage of non-taeniid tapeworms called?

A

cysticercoid

66
Q

What does a cysticercoid look like?

A

a small cyst with an invaginated single scolex, no fluid filled bladder

67
Q

What are the definitive and intermediate hosts of Dipylidium caninum?

A
  • definitive: canids and felids

- intermediate: fleas

68
Q

Dipylidium caninum lifecycle

A
  • gravid segments released containing egg packets
  • flea larvae ingest these egg packets, allowing cysticercoids to develop
  • infection of definitive host follows ingestion of flea
69
Q

What is the PPP of D. caninum

A

2 weeks

70
Q

How do you diagnose D. caninum?

A
  • tapeworm segments in perianal area
71
Q

why can’t you see D. caninum eggs in a fecal float

A

the egg packets aren’t usually seen unless the segment has been broken up

72
Q

What is the clinical importance of D. caninum infection?

A

infections are usually subclinical, may cause scooting

- can be zoonotic. Children are most likely to be infected, but this is very uncommon

73
Q

What is crucial to breaking the D. caninum cycle?

A

year-round flea control

74
Q

Anoplocephala perfoliata is the most common and important non taeniid tapeworm for which species?

A

horses

75
Q

Moniezia spp. infect which host?

A

ruminants

76
Q

What is the intermediate host of ruminant and equine tapeworms?

A

pasture mites

77
Q

When are the definitive hosts of equine and ruminant tapeworms infected?

A

when they inadvertently ingest mites while grazing

78
Q

What is the clinical importance of Anoplocephala perfoliata?

A
  • while usually asymptomatic, this common infection can occasionally cause inflammation and ulceration.
  • more severe cases, it can be associated with perforation, intussusception
79
Q

T/F: it is difficult to diagnose Anoplocephala

A

true

80
Q

T/F: horses are routinely treated at least once per year because Anoplocephala is hard to diagnose

A

true

81
Q

T/F: Anaplocephala attach at the anterior end of the host GI tract.

A

false; they attach at the ileocecal junction

82
Q

T/F: Anaplocephala is long, and horses are generally only infected with a few adults

A

false; they’re short and horses can be infected with many at once

83
Q

T/f: Moniezia is a very common infection in ruminants, and is also easy to detect in fecal samples

A

true

84
Q

What are the shapes of Moniezia spp. eggs in cattle and small ruminants?

A
  • square shaped in cattle

- more triangular in small ruminants

85
Q

Clinical significance of Moniezia infections?

A
  • while it appears dramatic, it does not appear to have any significant effect on production
86
Q

T/F: avian tapeworms can be pathogenic in large numbers

A

true

87
Q

where would you expect to find cyclophyllidean tapeworms in birds?

A

in the small intestine

88
Q

Which worm is associated with class Trematoda

A

flukes

89
Q

Two orders of flukes

A
  • Digenea (important flukes of domestic animals and humans)

- Monogenea (important external parasites of fish, reptiles, and invertebrates

90
Q

Physical morphology of Order Digenea

A
  • leaf-shaped
  • unsegmented
  • 1-2 suckers
91
Q

Where are Digenea eggs passed?

A

in feces

92
Q

How many intermediate hosts do Digenea flukes have?

  • what is always the first intermediate host?
A

usually two

snails (which species of snail depends on which species of fluke)

93
Q

Lifecycles of Trematode

A
  • adult produces eggs
  • egg hatches in water, ciliated larval stage hatches
  • larvae swims to specific snail host, though some use land snails that ingest the egg
94
Q

T/F: asexual development of Trematode occurs in the snail

A

true

95
Q

What is the Trematode stage that emerges out of snails called

A

Cercaria

96
Q

How do Cercaria reach their hosts?

A
  • in water, they usually swim to it

- on land, they get ingested by the next host

97
Q

What are larvae called when they are consumed by or attached to the second intermediate host?

A

metacercaria

98
Q

How does the metacercaria get into the definitive host

A

ingestion

99
Q

Where do the adults of Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna live in their definitive hosts?

A
  • Fasciola hepatica: liver and bile ducts of ruminants, rabbits, people, dogs, etc.
  • Fascioloides magna: white-tailed deeer
100
Q

Where do cercaria of F. hepatica encyst and become metacercaria?

A

on vegetation or debris. and they they wait to be consumed by the definitive host

101
Q

After ingestion, where do larval flukes migrate?

A
  • larval flukes migrate through intestinal wall to liver
  • this migration in the liver may take several weeks
  • Then enters bile duct and matures
102
Q

Clinical importance of F. hepatica in cattle

A

can be a chronic disease, characterized by:

  • anemia, hypoproteinemia
  • weight loss, decreased milk production
  • immunity will gradually develop
103
Q

Why is clinical F. hepatica more severe in small ruminants than cattle?

A
  • acute damage from larval migration can occur

- Black Disease (Clostridium)

104
Q

What are the geographical US regions of clinical importance in regards to F. hepatica?

A
  • Gulf Coast States
  • Pacific northwest
  • Hawaii
105
Q

How is F. hepatica diagnosed?

A
  • patient history and clinical signs

- fecal exam, using the SEDIMENT procedure (not very sensitive)

106
Q

Control of F. hepatica

A

good management: drain, fence out wet areas to prevent spread of larval stages and snails

107
Q

What geographical regions is Fascioloides magna more important in?

A
  • Midwest and Northeast US
108
Q

T/F: F. If a sheep or goat is infected with a magna larvae, it will continue to move around until the host dies

A

true

109
Q

What is the 2nd intermediate host and definitive host of Nanophyetus salmincola

A
  • 2nd host: fish

- DH: dogs

110
Q

What is the importance of N. salmincola

A

it is a disease vector for a ricettsia organism that causes “salmon poisoning” in dogs

VETMED: Dealing With Threats (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions