Parasitology: Introduction

Question 1

What is a parasite?

Answer 1

an animal or plant which lives in or upon another organism and draws its nutrients directly from it.

Question 2

For this course, what does parasitology cover?

Answer 2

EUKARYOTES

• arthropods
• helminths
• protozoa

Question 3

What is the importance of the veterinarian in Parasitology?

Answer 3

• diagnosis
• understanding what different factors contribute to disease
• identify what can be done to best prevent recurrence of shift in imbalance that gave parasites the advantage

Question 4

What is an integrated Parasite Management System

Answer 4

A method of controlling parasites in animal populations by using a combination of chemical and non-chemical methods. It relies on the veterinarian to understand why an animal got sick, what factors contributed to the disease, and what can be done to prevent it from happening again.

Question 5

What is an endoparasite?

Answer 5

an internal parasite

Question 6

What is an ectoparasite?

Answer 6

an external parasite

Question 7

What is the difference between an infestation and an infection?

Answer 7

an infection involves an endoparasite

an infestation involves an ectoparasite

Question 8

What is infection?

Answer 8

the establishment and sometimes multiplication of organisms in body tissues

Question 9

What is infectious?

Answer 9

caused by or capable of being communicated by infection

Question 10

What is infective?

Answer 10

a form or stage of a parasite that is capable of production infection.

Question 11

T/F: Many parasites are able to cause infection as soon as they invade a host.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

T/F: Many parasites are not able to cause infection until after some period of development in the environment

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the Life Cycle?

Answer 13

The whole history of a parasite

- can be either simple or complex

Question 14

What is a complex life cycle?

Answer 14

also known as an indirect life cycle, it involves more than one host

Question 15

What is a simple life cycle?

Answer 15

also known as a direct life cycle, it involves one host

Question 16

What is a definitive host?

Answer 16

the final host, where sexual multiplication occurs

Question 17

What is an intermediate host?

Answer 17

A required host for an immature stage of parasite. The immature parasite must go through this host before it can go on to the final host.

Question 18

What is a paratenic host?

Answer 18

a host of an immature parasite stage that is not an obligatory part of the life cycle

Question 19

What is a normal host?

Answer 19

an animal recognized as part of the normal parasite cycle

Question 20

what is an abnormal or aberrant host?

Answer 20

an animal that is not normally a host.

- often, but not always associated with disease

Question 21

T/F: an abnormal host can only be a final host.

Answer 21

False

an abnormal host can be an abnormal definitive, intermediate, or transport host. It depends on where in the life cycle the parasite is.

Question 22

What is a reservoir host?

Answer 22

a host that serves as a source of infection for other animals

Question 23

What is a vector?

Answer 23

an invertebrate, often an arthropod, that transmits infectious disease

Question 24

What is a mechanical vector?

Answer 24

a vector that simply carries the pathogen from one host to another, and is not important to pathogenic development

Question 25

What is a biological Vector?

Answer 25

a vector that a pathogen develops in before it is transferred to a host.

Question 26

T/F: Prepatent periods are used with external parasites.

Answer 26

False PPP is used for internal parasites

Question 27

What is the Prepatent Period

Answer 27

the time required following infection of the definitive host to reach reproductive maturity - from infection to just before production of eggs/cysts within a definitive host

Question 28

T/F: Prepatent Period is the same as generation time.

Answer 28

False Generation time is from egg to egg

Question 29

What is the importance of the prepatent period?

Answer 29

an animal may be infected with parasites, but we cannot diagnose it because there are no eggs in the fecal samples for us to use as a diagnostic test.

Question 30

T/F: You must capitalize both genus and species when giving the scientific name.

Answer 30

False ONLY CAPITALIZE THE SPECIES

Question 31

T/F: You must underline the genus and species when handwriting the name

Answer 31

true

Question 32

T/F: Parasites usually require an appropriate stimulus/stimuli to recognize their potential host

Answer 32

True

Question 33

T/F: Intracellular parasites need specific receptors on cells of appropriate hosts

Answer 33

True

Question 34

T/F: Host response does not play a role in parasite infection

Answer 34

False, both acquired and innate immunity play roles

Question 35

What are some examples of innate immunity to parasites

Answer 35

- physical barriers - chemical barriers - cellular barriers

Question 36

Which part of acquired immunity is dominant in mature responses to multicellular parasites?

Answer 36

Th2 components | - eosinophilia is considered a marker for helminth infection

Question 37

What kind of acquired immune response is Th1 typically dominant in?

Answer 37

intracellular protozoan parasite responses

Question 38

Does normal immunity completely eliminate infection?

Answer 38

no Normal immunity typically limits, but does not eliminate infections - it can limit reinfection and reduce growth and repro of parasites. Often full expression of immunity requires presence of an active infection.

Question 39

T/F: Vaccines are a wonderful tool for parasite prevention

Answer 39

False, vaccines don't do shit.

Question 40

What is the 70-30 Rule of parasites?

Answer 40

70% of the parasites are in 30% of the animals. | - most animals have few parasites, few animals have many parasties

Question 41

T/F: Parasitic infection =/= disease

Answer 41

true

Question 42

T/F: Immunity often prevents both disease and infestation/infection

Answer 42

false immunity often prevents disease but not infection/infestation

Question 43

Are young animals usually more or less susceptible to disease than adults?

Answer 43

more

Question 44

T/F: Parasties that must develop and survive in the environment are at the mercy of the weather

Answer 44

true