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VETMED: Dealing With Threats > Parasitology: Fleas and Lice > Flashcards

Parasitology: Fleas and Lice Flashcards

1
Q

What order do fleas belong to?

A

Siphonaptera

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2
Q

What parasite is associated with Order Siphonaptera

A

fleas

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3
Q

What order do lice belong to?

A

Phthiraptera

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4
Q

What parasite is associated with Order Phthiraptera

A

lice

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5
Q

What order do flies generally belong to?

A

Diptera

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6
Q

What parasite is associated with Order Diptera

A

flies

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7
Q

What order do “true bugs” belong to?

A

Hemiptera

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8
Q

What parasite is associated with Order Hemiptera

A

true bugs, such as bed bugs or kissing bugs

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9
Q

What order to tick and mites belong to?

A

Acari, of the Class Arachnida

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10
Q

In general, what is the body structure of an insect?

A

3 parts: the head, thorax, and abdomen

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11
Q

In general, how many legs do the adults and, if present, larval stages of insects have?

A

adults: 6
Larvae: 6

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12
Q

In general, what are the life stages of an insect?

A

egg -> larvae (may go through instars) -> adult

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13
Q

In general, what is the body structure of ticks and mites?

A

2 parts: an idiosoma and a gnathosoma

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14
Q

In general, how many legs do the life stages of ticks and mites have?

A

adults: 8
Nymphs: 8
Larvae: 6

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15
Q

In general, what are the life stages of ticks and mites?

A

egg -> larva -> nymph -> adult

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16
Q

T/F: Both insects and Acarines contain important disease vectors

A

True

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17
Q

T/F: The salivary glands of insects and Acarines often harbor pathogens

A

true

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18
Q

Oxygen diffusion typically occurs through ____ in insects and acarines

A

spiracles

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19
Q

T/F: spiracles are sometimes used in identification

A

true

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20
Q

In insects, where do the legs attach?

A

at the thorax

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21
Q

What is complete development/metamorphosis?

A

development in which the larva bears no resemblance to the adult

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22
Q

What is incomplete development/metamorphosis?

A

larva looks like a small adult

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23
Q

Describe the lifecycle of the flea.

A

egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult

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24
Q

T/F: Fleas are laterally expanded.

A

False

Fleas are laterally compressed

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25
Q

Geographic distribution of fleas

A

worldwide

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26
Q

What is the scientific name of the cat flea?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

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27
Q

do Fleas undergo complete or incomplete metamorphosis?

A

complete

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28
Q

Do fleas have wings?

A

nope, they’re just hella good jumpers

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29
Q

T/F: Fleas are macroscopic and yellow

A

False

Fleas are macroscopic and generally brown

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30
Q

T/F: Ctenocephalides felis is the most common flea of the dog and cat

A

true

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31
Q

Do immature flea stages prefer cool temperatures and low humidity?

A

no, they prefer warm temperatures and high humidity

32
Q

What are C. felis considered once on the host?

A

permanent ectoparasites

33
Q

Do eggs laid on the host fall off or stay on? How soon do they usually hatch?

A

fall off

within a few days

34
Q

What do flea larvae look like?

A

slender, white, 2-5 mm in length, may have a dark appearance from blood in intestine

35
Q

How long are fleas in their larval stage?

A

about 1 week

36
Q

Are flea larvae generally mobile?

A

they have very limited movement

37
Q

What do flea larvae eat?

A

organic debris, but require flea feces

38
Q

T/F: the pupal stage of the flea is not killed by pesticides.

A

true

39
Q

T/F: the time spent in the pupal stage is dependent on the environment

A

true; if the environment is warm and humid, an adult can emerge in roughly 5 days. However, adults can stay in pupa for several months

40
Q

What is the total length of life in a flea under PERFECT conditions? What stages does the flea spend most of its life?

A

roughly 2 weeks; egg-> pupa

41
Q

Can fleas stages survive sustained cold weather?

A

no, they’re killed within 10 days at 37 degrees F

42
Q

Where do fleas stay to survive the winter environments?

A

homes and on reservoir hosts

43
Q

How is a C. felis infestation diagnosed?

A

Through observation.

  • can see some flea dirt
  • clinical signs including pruritis
44
Q

T/F: it is easy to convince a client that fleas are present

A

bahahahaha

False. Fucking false.

45
Q

What are some clinically important aspects of flea infestation?

A
  • it is a common cause of vet visits

- you often see hypersensitivity reactions to flea saliva antigens (range of pruritis and hair loss)

46
Q

Where are fleas typically distributed on the host?

A

tailhead, thighs, abdomen, neck

47
Q

What other infections can fleas be a vector for?

A
  • Dipylidium caninum (tapeworm)
  • Bartonella henselae and other Bartonella spp. (cat scratch fever)
  • fleas can also cause anemia in young animals
48
Q

Integrated flea control for fleas on animals includes….

A
  • flea control
  • adulticides
  • products affecting eggs and larvae administered to animals
49
Q

Environmental flea control includes….

A
  • Vacuuming!!!
  • laundering pet bedding, etc
  • traps, sprays, foggers, etc.
  • desiccant compounds
50
Q

Can you expect to have a high level of flea control outdoors?

A

nope

51
Q

What are good hosts for C. felis?

A
  • dogs, cats, ferrets,
  • not humans, because we don’t sustain their life cycles
  • calf and goat infestation likely originated from barn cats
52
Q

T/F: Other flea species are species-specific.

A

true

53
Q

what is the flea species of poultry?

A

Echidnophaga gallinacea

54
Q

What is the flea species of humans?

A

Pulex spp.

These can also be found on dogs and cats

55
Q

What are the characteristics of lice?

A

The following are true across hosts:

  • small
  • wingless
  • dorsventrally flattened
  • often white or gray, some are brown
  • incomplete metamorphosis
56
Q

What are the two types of lice?

A
  • Anoplura

- Mallophaga

57
Q

Which type of lice is considered the sucking lice

A

Anoplura

58
Q

What type of lice is Anoplura considered?

A

the sucking lice

59
Q

Which type of lice is considered biting or chewing lice?

A

Mallophaga

60
Q

What type of lice is Mallphaga considered?

A

Biting or chewing lice

61
Q

T/F: Lice are very host specific

A

true

62
Q

What is the geographical distribution of lice?

A

worldwide on hosts

63
Q

Where are lice eggs attached on hosts?

A

feathers or hairs

64
Q

What is the minimum life cycle of a louse

A

3 weeks

65
Q

How are lice transmitted to other hosts?

A

Direct contact or fomites

66
Q

T/F: Lice can survive off of the host for long periods of time

A

false

67
Q

T/F: Lice will be worse in winter for outdoor animals.

A

True

68
Q

Stressed animals are more or less susceptible to lice infestation?

A

more susceptible

69
Q

How do you diagnose a lice infestation?

A

observation of lice and eggs at predilection sites

clinical signs include: pruritis, hair loss, and poor hair coat

70
Q

What are some signs of severe lice infestation?

A
  • anemia

- debilitation

71
Q

Did the lice cause an animal’s disease or did the animal’s disease allow for the lice infestation?

A

animal’s disease allowed for the lice infestation

72
Q

Where are lice clinically important?

A
  • common in food animals, poultry, and wild birds
73
Q

How do you treat lice?

A

physical removal (self and social grooming, shearing)

  • treat to kill adults, then treat in two weeks to kill what came from the egg
  • clean potential fomites as much as possible
74
Q

Should you only treat an infected animal or should you treat all animals when infestation is present?

A

TREAT ALL ANIMALS

75
Q

What is the head and body louse of the humans?

A

Pediculus

76
Q

What is the pubic louse of humans?

A

Phthirus

VETMED: Dealing With Threats (11 decks)

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