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VETMED: Dealing With Threats > Parasitology: Other Insects and Acarines > Flashcards

Parasitology: Other Insects and Acarines Flashcards

1
Q

How many body parts do ticks and mites have?

A

2

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2
Q

What are the body parts of ticks and mites?

A
  • Idiosoma (body)

- gnathosoma (mouth)

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3
Q

Ticks and mites have what kind of metamorphosis.

A

incomplete, the larvae appear similar to the adult

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4
Q

How do you determine between a parasitic mite and a non-parasitic mite?

A

identify structures on the mite that appear to be adaptations for being on animals (suckers, claws, plungers, etc.)

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5
Q

How does knowing what types of mite you will see on an animal determine if an infestation is present?

A

you can determine if the parasite is truly an infestation or if its just something the animal ate

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6
Q

What is mange?

A

a skin disease of domestic animals cause by a number of genera of mites

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7
Q

Is there a characteristic skin lesion associated with mange?

A

no

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8
Q

Can mange lead to pyorderma?

A

yes

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9
Q

What is Scabies?

A

a type of mange that refers to an infestation of Sarcoptes spp., but is sometimes used more generally

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10
Q

What is the typical life cycle of a mite?

A
  • all stages on host (poor survival off of host)

- short life cycle (a few weeks)

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11
Q

T/F: Mites tend to be host-specific

A

True (there are some exceptions)

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12
Q

How are mites transmitted?

A

direct contact or fomites

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13
Q

How does one diagnose a mite infestation?

A

skin scraping at periphery of lesion

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14
Q

T/F: an animal can be infested with mites, yet not show any clinical signs

A

true

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15
Q

What are examples of typical mites:

A
  • Sarcoptes
  • Knemidocoptes
  • Demodex
  • Otodectes
  • Chrioptes
  • Psoroptes
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16
Q

What are some examples of atypical mites?

A
  • Trombiculids (chiggers)
  • Dermanyssus
  • Ornithonyssus
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17
Q

What are some examples of subsurface mites

A
  • Sarcoptes
  • Knemidocoptes
  • Demodex
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18
Q

What are some examples of surface mites?

A
  • Otodectes
  • Chrioptes
  • Psoroptes
  • Trombiculids
  • Dermanyssus
  • Ornithonyssus
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19
Q

Is Sarcoptes a subsurface or a surface mite?

A

subsurface

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20
Q

Physical appearance of Sarcoptes scabiei.

A
  • typical parasitic mite
  • round body
    last 2 pairs of legs are short
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21
Q

Where do female Sarcoptes lay eggs?

A

in tunnels they burrowed into the epidermis

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22
Q

How long is the general life cycle of Sarcoptes Scabiei?

A

about 3 weeks

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23
Q

T/F: Sarcoptes Scabiei can infest humans.

A

False, they can cause lesions, but they can’t infest you

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24
Q

Are there any cross-infections of Sarcoptes between species

A

no

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25
Q

What are some hosts of Sarcoptes

A
  • common hosts: dogs and pigs

- uncommon hosts: horses and cattle

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26
Q

Clinical importance of Sarcoptes scabiei in dogs.

A
  • can cause intense pruritis, which can lead to self-inflicted trauma, and potentially a secondary bacterial infection
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27
Q

What are some signs of chronic sarcoptic infestation?

A
  • alopecia, thickened, wrinkled skin
  • secondary bacterial infection
  • self inflicted trauma
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28
Q

where do mites prefer to attempt to feed?

A
  • hairless or thin-haired area

(you might see lesions first appear on face, ears, legs

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29
Q

How does one diagnose Sarcoptes in dogs?

A
  • skin scrapings (several locations)

- fecal exams (may find mites or eggs)

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30
Q

If there are multiple animals within the household, which do you treat for Sarcoptes?

A

all animals

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31
Q

Do you need to treat the environment when treating for Sarcoptes

A

nope, just wash the bedding, clean the kennel

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32
Q

Can your dog’s Sarcoptes infestation affect your cat?

A

yes, in that you may see transient lesion.

no, it will not infest your cat

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33
Q

T/F: there is a Sarcoptic mite of cat with a different genus.

A

true

34
Q

What other animals can you see sarcoptic mites on?

A
  • guinea pigs, foxes
35
Q

What animals do Knemidocoptes affect?

A

poultry and pet birds

36
Q

What is a more common name for Knemidocoptes?

A

scaly leg mite
scaly face mite
(depends on where the lesion is)

37
Q

Where do you most commonly see Knemidocoptes infestations?

A

mostly on nonfeathered portions of the body

38
Q

What is a characteristic lesion appearance for Knemidocoptes infestations?

A

a honeycomb appearance

39
Q

Describe general Demodex spp characteristics

A
  • typical subsurface mite
  • usually parasitize hair follicles or sebaceous glands
  • elongated in appearance, legs on anterior end
40
Q

Is Demodex host species-specific?

A

yes

41
Q

T/F: Some animals have more than 1 Demodex species

A

True

42
Q

T/F: Common species of demodex can be though of as normal skin fauna

A

true, transmission occurs shortly after birth from dam

43
Q

Which species of host is Demodex most important in?

A

dogs

44
Q

When do clinical sign of Demodex infestation appear?

A

when mites proliferate beyond normal levels. The balance between host and mite shifts to favor the mite

45
Q

How does a Demodex infestation affect the host’s body?

A
  • interferes with follicle, gland function

- can lead to inflammation, secondary infection

46
Q

What are the 2 forms Demodecosis appears in with dogs?

A
  • Localized form

- generalized form

47
Q

What is the localized form of Demodecosis in dogs?

A
  • the immune response is still developing
  • affects puppies 3-10 mo. of age
  • can see small, hairless regions
  • does not cause itching
48
Q

about how many cases of localized Demodecosis resolve spontaneously?

A

90%

49
Q

What is the generalized form of Demodecosis in dogs?

A
  • occurs due to specific immune deficiency
  • can be caused by either a progressive spread from localized form in pups OR by adult onset
  • more often seen in purebred shorthaired dogs
50
Q

How do you diagnose Demodex?

A
  • skin scrapings
51
Q

Where would you find eggs and mites of Demodex?

A

feces

52
Q

What are the general characteristics of surface mites?

A

more ovular than Sarcoptic mites, have longer legs

53
Q

What is the minimum length of the surface mite life cycle

A

2 weeks

54
Q

What are some examples of surface mites?

A
  • Otodectes
  • Chorioptes
    Psoroptes
55
Q

What is the worldwide parasite of ear canals in dogs, cats, and ferrets

A

Otodectres cynotis

56
Q

In which species do you most often see Otodectes cynotis

A

cats

57
Q

What is a major clinical sign of an Otodectes infestation?

A

intensely pruritic otitis externa

- The exudate looks like coffe grounds in ear

58
Q

How do you diagnose Otodectes

A

ear swab and microscopic Identification

59
Q

how do you treat Otodectes cynotis

A

clean the ear and use a miticide

60
Q

What is the most often encountered large animal mite in the US?

A

Chrioptes spp

61
Q

Which animals are affected by Chorioptes spp.?

Which animal is the most frequently affected?

A
  • ruminants, horses (spp. are host-specific)

- cattle

62
Q

Predilection site of Chorioptes in cattle

A
  • tailhead (common)
  • udder
  • perineal region
63
Q

Predilection site of Chorioptes in small ruminants

A
  • leg

- lower body

64
Q

Predilection site of Chorioptes in Horses

A
  • legs, esp. Feathered horses
65
Q

What do Psoroptes ovis and bovis cause in their hosts?

A
  • severe pruritis and skin lesions
66
Q

how do you diagnose a Psoroptes infestation?

A

skin scrapings

67
Q

Is a Psoroptes infestation reportable?

A

yes

68
Q

Are Trombiculids host-specific?

A

no

69
Q

Which stage of the trombiculid lifecycle is parastic?

A

larvae

70
Q

Where would one get a trombiculid infestation?

A

the environment

71
Q

What is the issue with a trombiculid infestation?

A

the pruritis persists after the mite has gone, so you might end up treating the symptom, not the cause

72
Q

What group do chiggers and harvest mites fall into?

A

Trombiculids

73
Q

How are Trombiculid infestations diagnosed?

A

visual confirmation of red or orange mites, especially on face, ears in dogs and cats

74
Q

Treatment of Trombiculid infestations

A

acaricidal treatments if mites are present

75
Q

What is the importance of Mesostigmatid mites

A

They’re the bird mites

76
Q

Are mesostigmatid mites larger or smaller than most parasitic mites

A

larger

77
Q

What is the scientific name of the northern fowl mite?

A

Ornithonyssus sylviarum

78
Q

what are some clinical signs associated with O. sylviarum infestation?

A
  • decreased weight gain

- egg production issues

79
Q

Where does O. sylviarum life stages typically occur

A

all life stages on host

80
Q

How does Dermanyssus differ from O. sylviarum parasitically

A

Dermanyssus only visits host to feed, can be zoonotic

O. sylviarum stays on host

VETMED: Dealing With Threats (11 decks)

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