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Gastrointestinal - Microbiology > Parasitology Pharmacology > Flashcards

Parasitology Pharmacology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What two drugs are a part of the Nitroimidazole class?

A

Metronidazole, tinidazole

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2
Q

What can you treat with nitroimidazoles?

A

Giardia, Entamoeba

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3
Q

How do nitroimidazoles work?

A

Toxic metabolites generate free radicals, inducing DNA damage

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4
Q

What is toxicity for nitroimidazoles?

A

Disulfram (avoid alcohol)
Nausea, diarrhea, metallic taste
Disturb normal GI flora

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5
Q

What does Nitazoxanide treat?

A

Giardia and cryptosporidium

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6
Q

Since nitazoxanide is rapidly metabolized, what would you give with it?

A

Loperamide (anti-peristaltic)

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7
Q

What drugs are often given for crypto in someone with immunocompromise?

A

HAART

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of iodoquinol?

A

Unknown

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9
Q

What does iodoquinol used to treat?

A

Amebic dyssentery

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10
Q

What is the toxicity of iodoquinol?

A

Loss of visual acuity

Use caution with patients with thyroid disease

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of paromomycin?

A

Targets 30S ribosomal subunit

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12
Q

What is toxicity for paromomycin?

A

Diarrhea, other GI effects because affects normal flora

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13
Q

What is the distribution for paromomycin?

A

Luminal (minimal absorption)

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14
Q

What is paromomycin used for?

A

Intestinal protozoa, but only partially affective against crypto

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15
Q

What are good drugs for luminal amebicide?

A

Iodoquinol

Paromomycin

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16
Q

What are good drugs for tissue amebicide?

A

metronidazole

Tinidazole

17
Q

What is the spectrum for TMPSMX

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic
Apicomplexans including Toxoplasma and
Cystoisospora
Cyclospora

18
Q

What two drugs are used to target roundworms and tapeworms?

A

Albendazole

Mebendazole

19
Q

What is the mechanism of albendazole and mebendazole?

A

Bind to parasite Beta-tubulin and inhibit microtubule formation

20
Q

Which of the “benzimidazole” drugs is better for targeting tissue-migrating larvae?

A

Albendazole (better absorbed)

21
Q

What are some toxicities for benzimidazole drugs?

A

Liver/bone marrow damage
Abd pain, nausea, dizziness, headache
Embryotoxic and teratogenic

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of levamisole and pyrantel pamoate?

A

Opens an acetylcholine receptor calcium channel in nematode nerve and muscle

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ivermectin?

A

Binds to glutamate gated chloride channels in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells

24
Q

How is ivermectin toxic to humans?

A

Itchy, swollen lymph glands

Inflammatory reaction due to adult worm death

25
Q

What is ivermectin specific for?

A

Nematodes (ascaris, strongyloides, onchocerca)

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of praziquantel?

A

Increased permeability to divalent cations, leading to contraction of worm’s musculature

27
Q

What is the toxicity for praziquantel?

A

Well tolerated

Nausea, dizziness

28
Q

What is the spectrum for praziquantel?

A

Tapeworms

Trematodes (flukes)

Gastrointestinal - Microbiology (14 decks)

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