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Gastrointestinal - Microbiology > GI Lower Bacterial Infections II > Flashcards

GI Lower Bacterial Infections II Flashcards

1
Q

What does Vibrio spp. look like?

A

G- flagellated curved rod

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2
Q

What distinguishes Vibrio sp. from E. coli?

A

Vibrio: Oxidase + (shows up purple), flagella

E. coli: Oxidase -

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3
Q

What are symptoms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection?

A

Bloody diarrhea
Stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting
Fever
Sx less than a week

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4
Q

How do you diagnose V. parahaemolyticus?

A

Cultures of stool, wound, blood

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of V parahaemolyticus infection?

A

Enterotoxin (hemolysins)

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6
Q

Food reservoirs for Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

A

Uncooked shellfish

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7
Q

What does listeria look like?

A

Gram positive bacillus

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8
Q

What hemolysis does listeria exhibit?

A

Beta hemolysis but only directly under colonies

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9
Q

Who are more vulnerable for listeriosis, causing a more severe illness?

A

Older adults
Pregnant women
Newborns
Immunocompromised

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10
Q

What are the causes of death with listeriosis while vulnerable?

A

Meningitis and sepsis

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11
Q

How do you diagnose listeriosis?

A

Positive ID is bacteria found in normally sterile site

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for listeria?

A

Invasion of macrophage (trojan horse)

Liver is major target

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13
Q

What are reservoirs for listeria?

A 
Sprouts
Deli meats/hot dogs
Smoked salmon
Soft cheeses
Raw milk
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14
Q

What are shigella closely related to?

A

E. coli

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15
Q

How is shigella transmitted?

A

Fecal oral

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16
Q

What are symptoms of shigella sonnei infection?

A 
Bloody diarrhea (sometimes not)
Fever
Cramps
1-2 days following exposure
5-7 day resolves
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17
Q

What is defined as Frequent small bowel movements with blood and mucus, accompanied by rectal pain and spasms?

A

Dysentery

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18
Q

Easy way to tell E. coli from e. coli?

A

Shigella have no flagella

Lactose negative and H2S negative

19
Q

What cells are initial invasion points of shigella?

A

M cells

20
Q

What do shigella use to move around in a host?

A

Actin

21
Q

How do you treat shigella?

A

Usually resolves

Can be systemic so use antibiotics

22
Q

What are possible complications of shigella?

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Reactive arthritis

23
Q

What does Shiga toxin affect?

A

Vascular endothelial cells (most severe dysentery)

24
Q

What strains of E. coli cause disease?

A

ETEC and EHEC

25
Q

What diseases are caused by E. coli?

A

Diarrhea
Urinary tract infection
Neonatal sepsis
Gram negative sepsis

26
Q

What are the E coli that produce sign toxin called?

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

27
Q

Which E coli is more responsible for outbreaks in U.S.? Which is more common in traveler’s diarrhea/children’s diarrhea?

A

EHEC: US outbreaks
ETEC: Traveler’s/Children

28
Q

What are common symptoms for E coli infection?

A

Profuse watery diarrhea
Nausea with or without vomiting
Chills
Long incubation period for EHEC

29
Q

Should you treat E coli poisoning?

A

Not really. Will kill normal gut flora as well

30
Q

What are used for tracking E coli outbreaks?

A

Commercial PCR and Ig-based kits

31
Q

What are common EHEC/ETEC reservoirs?

A

Beef, spinach, etc.

32
Q

What is primary reservoir for V. cholerae?

A

Water

33
Q

What does cholera toxin do?

A

Activates adenylate cyclase, leading to Cl excretion and Na absorption (water follows Cl)

34
Q

Which serogroups of V. cholerae produce cholera toxin?

A

O1 and O139

35
Q

What does cholera look like?

A

Profuse watery diarrhea (rice-water stools)
Vomiting
Rapid HR
SEVERE dehydration

36
Q

What is the only reliable method of identifying V. cholerae?

A

Culture of stool

37
Q

How do you treat cholera?

A

Rehydration therapy

Sometimes antibiotics if super serious

38
Q

What is the common source for Salmonella Typhi?

A

untreated water (humans are only carriers)

39
Q

What does typhoid fever look like?

A

High fevers (103-104)
Weakness, headache
Stomach pain, loss of appetite, diarrhea OR constipation
Rash of flat, rose-colored spots

40
Q

How do you treat typhoid fever?

A

Vaccine

Antibiotics are recommended

41
Q

What does C. diff look like?

A

Gram + bacilli, spore forming

42
Q

What do C. diff exotoxins cause?

A

Cell death, shallow ulcers, pseudomembranes

43
Q

How do you diagnose C diff?

A

Toxin detection

44
Q

How do you treat C. diff?

A

Antibiotics: Metronidazole, vancomycin
If severe, then bowel resection
Maybe fecal transplant

Gastrointestinal - Microbiology (14 decks)

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