Parasitology II Flashcards

1
Q

The “Daycare” worm: Staple sized.

A

Enterobiasis vermicularis

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2
Q

What is infection with Enterobiasis look like?

A
Perianal pruritis
Insombia
Abd pain
Anorexia
Irritability
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3
Q

How do we contract enterobiasis?

A

Eat the eggs

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4
Q

Where do larvae hatch for enterobiasis?

A

Small intestine

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5
Q

Where do adults lay eggs?

A

On anus

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6
Q

What are the soil-transmitted roundworms?

A

Necator (hookworms)
Trichuris (Whipworms)
Ascaris (Giant roundworm)
Strongyloides

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7
Q

What three parasites have a similar life cycle?

A

Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
Strongolides stercoralis

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8
Q

What is the anatomic course of a necator/ancylostoma/strongolides infection?

A
Larvae in soil
Skin penetration
Circulatory system
Lungs
Cough/swallow
Home in the gut
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9
Q

What are major symptoms of hookworm?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

Prutitic papular erythematous rash

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10
Q

What are the two species of “hookworm”?

A

Necator americanus

Ancylostoma duodenale

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11
Q

What are symptoms of strongolides?

A

Dry cough/throat irritation
Itchy red rash at entry point
Red rash along thighs and buttocks
Autoinfection possible

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12
Q

What is trichuris trichina?

A

Whipworm

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13
Q

What infection has barrel shaped eggs?

A

Trichuris

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14
Q

What are some symptoms of whipworm?

A

Finger clubbing
Bloody diarrhea (iron deficiency anemia)
Painful stools
Rectal prolapse

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15
Q

What is the biggest roundworm?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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16
Q

What are symptoms of Ascaris infection?

A

Abdominal discomfort
Intestinal blockage if severe
May cause cough (has lung stage)

17
Q

How do you diagnose ascaris?

A

Eggs with thick shells

18
Q

What are the tapeworms we need to know?

A

Taenia
Diphillobothrium
Echinococcus

19
Q

How do you get diphyllobothrium?

A

Eating musculature of fish where larvae have migrated

20
Q

What are some symptoms of diphyllobothrium?

A

Intestinal “problems”

B12 deficiency

21
Q

How do you get taenia?

A

Undercooked beef or pork

22
Q

What is the life cycle for taenia?

A

Eat meat containing cysticerci
Cysticercus grow into tapeworm
Eggs or proglottids pass in feces

23
Q

What is cysticercosis?

A

Cysticerci migrate to muscle, brain, or other tissue

24
Q

How do you get echinococcus?

A

Uncontrolled living with dogs
Shepherds
Trappers

25
What is the life cycle for echinococcus?
Eggs in feces of dog Oncosphere hatch, penetrate intestinal lining Breach into blood Slow cysts grow in organs
26
Which disease is "second only to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease"?
Schistosomiasis
27
What causes urogenital schistosomiasis?
Schistosoma haematobium
28
What are the two hosts for a schistosome?
Snails | Humans
29
What is the mechanism of schistosomiasis?
Eggs shed by adult worms in intestine or bladder Inflammation, scarring occurs After years, liver, GI, spleen, lungs, and bladder damage Repeated infection causes anemia, malnutrition, learning difficulties
30
What are symptoms of schistosomiasis?
Acute: Rash, itchy skin 1-2 months after infx: Fever, chills, cough, muscle aches Chronic: Abd pain, hepatomegaly, blood in stool or urine, increased risk of bladder cancer
31
How is schistosomiasis diagnosed?
Stool or urine samples looking for eggs | May be necessary to do a blood test
32
How do you treat schistosomiasis?
Praziquantel | Corticosteroids (symptomatic management)