Parasitology II

Question 1

The “Daycare” worm: Staple sized.

Answer 1

Enterobiasis vermicularis

Question 2

What is infection with Enterobiasis look like?

Answer 2

Perianal pruritis
Insombia
Abd pain
Anorexia
Irritability

Question 3

How do we contract enterobiasis?

Answer 3

Eat the eggs

Question 4

Where do larvae hatch for enterobiasis?

Answer 4

Small intestine

Question 5

Where do adults lay eggs?

Answer 5

On anus

Question 6

What are the soil-transmitted roundworms?

Answer 6

Necator (hookworms)
Trichuris (Whipworms)
Ascaris (Giant roundworm)
Strongyloides

Question 7

What three parasites have a similar life cycle?

Answer 7

Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
Strongolides stercoralis

Question 8

What is the anatomic course of a necator/ancylostoma/strongolides infection?

Answer 8

Larvae in soil
Skin penetration
Circulatory system
Lungs
Cough/swallow
Home in the gut

Question 9

What are major symptoms of hookworm?

Answer 9

Iron deficiency anemia

Prutitic papular erythematous rash

Question 10

What are the two species of “hookworm”?

Answer 10

Necator americanus

Ancylostoma duodenale

Question 11

What are symptoms of strongolides?

Answer 11

Dry cough/throat irritation
Itchy red rash at entry point
Red rash along thighs and buttocks
Autoinfection possible

Question 12

What is trichuris trichina?

Answer 12

Whipworm

Question 13

What infection has barrel shaped eggs?

Answer 13

Trichuris

Question 14

What are some symptoms of whipworm?

Answer 14

Finger clubbing
Bloody diarrhea (iron deficiency anemia)
Painful stools
Rectal prolapse

Question 15

What is the biggest roundworm?

Answer 15

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 16

What are symptoms of Ascaris infection?

Answer 16

Abdominal discomfort
Intestinal blockage if severe
May cause cough (has lung stage)

Question 17

How do you diagnose ascaris?

Answer 17

Eggs with thick shells

Question 18

What are the tapeworms we need to know?

Answer 18

Taenia
Diphillobothrium
Echinococcus

Question 19

How do you get diphyllobothrium?

Answer 19

Eating musculature of fish where larvae have migrated

Question 20

What are some symptoms of diphyllobothrium?

Answer 20

Intestinal “problems”

B12 deficiency

Question 21

How do you get taenia?

Answer 21

Undercooked beef or pork

Question 22

What is the life cycle for taenia?

Answer 22

Eat meat containing cysticerci
Cysticercus grow into tapeworm
Eggs or proglottids pass in feces

Question 23

What is cysticercosis?

Answer 23

Cysticerci migrate to muscle, brain, or other tissue

Question 24

How do you get echinococcus?

Answer 24

Uncontrolled living with dogs
Shepherds
Trappers

Question 25

What is the life cycle for echinococcus?

Answer 25

Eggs in feces of dog
Oncosphere hatch, penetrate intestinal lining
Breach into blood
Slow cysts grow in organs

Question 26

Which disease is “second only to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease”?

Answer 26

Schistosomiasis

Question 27

What causes urogenital schistosomiasis?

Answer 27

Schistosoma haematobium

Question 28

What are the two hosts for a schistosome?

Answer 28

Snails

Humans

Question 29

What is the mechanism of schistosomiasis?

Answer 29

Eggs shed by adult worms in intestine or bladder
Inflammation, scarring occurs
After years, liver, GI, spleen, lungs, and bladder damage
Repeated infection causes anemia, malnutrition, learning difficulties

Question 30

What are symptoms of schistosomiasis?

Answer 30

Acute: Rash, itchy skin
1-2 months after infx: Fever, chills, cough, muscle aches
Chronic: Abd pain, hepatomegaly, blood in stool or urine, increased risk of bladder cancer

Question 31

How is schistosomiasis diagnosed?

Answer 31

Stool or urine samples looking for eggs

May be necessary to do a blood test

Question 32

How do you treat schistosomiasis?

Answer 32

Praziquantel

Corticosteroids (symptomatic management)