Parasitology II Flashcards
The “Daycare” worm: Staple sized.
Enterobiasis vermicularis
What is infection with Enterobiasis look like?
Perianal pruritis Insombia Abd pain Anorexia Irritability
How do we contract enterobiasis?
Eat the eggs
Where do larvae hatch for enterobiasis?
Small intestine
Where do adults lay eggs?
On anus
What are the soil-transmitted roundworms?
Necator (hookworms)
Trichuris (Whipworms)
Ascaris (Giant roundworm)
Strongyloides
What three parasites have a similar life cycle?
Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
Strongolides stercoralis
What is the anatomic course of a necator/ancylostoma/strongolides infection?
Larvae in soil Skin penetration Circulatory system Lungs Cough/swallow Home in the gut
What are major symptoms of hookworm?
Iron deficiency anemia
Prutitic papular erythematous rash
What are the two species of “hookworm”?
Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
What are symptoms of strongolides?
Dry cough/throat irritation
Itchy red rash at entry point
Red rash along thighs and buttocks
Autoinfection possible
What is trichuris trichina?
Whipworm
What infection has barrel shaped eggs?
Trichuris
What are some symptoms of whipworm?
Finger clubbing
Bloody diarrhea (iron deficiency anemia)
Painful stools
Rectal prolapse
What is the biggest roundworm?
Ascaris lumbricoides
What are symptoms of Ascaris infection?
Abdominal discomfort
Intestinal blockage if severe
May cause cough (has lung stage)
How do you diagnose ascaris?
Eggs with thick shells
What are the tapeworms we need to know?
Taenia
Diphillobothrium
Echinococcus
How do you get diphyllobothrium?
Eating musculature of fish where larvae have migrated
What are some symptoms of diphyllobothrium?
Intestinal “problems”
B12 deficiency
How do you get taenia?
Undercooked beef or pork
What is the life cycle for taenia?
Eat meat containing cysticerci
Cysticercus grow into tapeworm
Eggs or proglottids pass in feces
What is cysticercosis?
Cysticerci migrate to muscle, brain, or other tissue
How do you get echinococcus?
Uncontrolled living with dogs
Shepherds
Trappers
What is the life cycle for echinococcus?
Eggs in feces of dog
Oncosphere hatch, penetrate intestinal lining
Breach into blood
Slow cysts grow in organs
Which disease is “second only to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease”?
Schistosomiasis
What causes urogenital schistosomiasis?
Schistosoma haematobium
What are the two hosts for a schistosome?
Snails
Humans
What is the mechanism of schistosomiasis?
Eggs shed by adult worms in intestine or bladder
Inflammation, scarring occurs
After years, liver, GI, spleen, lungs, and bladder damage
Repeated infection causes anemia, malnutrition, learning difficulties
What are symptoms of schistosomiasis?
Acute: Rash, itchy skin
1-2 months after infx: Fever, chills, cough, muscle aches
Chronic: Abd pain, hepatomegaly, blood in stool or urine, increased risk of bladder cancer
How is schistosomiasis diagnosed?
Stool or urine samples looking for eggs
May be necessary to do a blood test
How do you treat schistosomiasis?
Praziquantel
Corticosteroids (symptomatic management)
