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Gastrointestinal - Microbiology > GI Lower Bacterial Infections I > Flashcards

GI Lower Bacterial Infections I Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Difference between food poisoning and food infections?

A

Timing. Poisoning is with pre-formed toxins. Infections are can cause both

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2
Q

What is an “enterotoxin”?

A

Exotoxin that targets intestine

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3
Q

What are three common bacteria generate pre-formed toxins in food?

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium botulinum

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4
Q

What other skin infection does staph aureus cause?

A

Scalded skin syndrome

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5
Q

How long after food ingestion do S. aureus symptoms appear?

A

1-7 hrs

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6
Q

How long does food poisoning from S. aureus last?

A

1-3 days

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7
Q

How do you diagnose S. aureus food poisoning?

A

Toxin producing S aureus identified in stool and vomit

Linked with food

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8
Q

What are common S. aureus food reservoirs?

A

Ham, eggs, custard

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9
Q

What do Bacillus cereus look like?

A

Box-car shaped G+ rods

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10
Q

Which of the three toxin producing bacteria produce spores?

A

Bacillus cereus

Clostridium botulinum

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11
Q

What is the reservoir for Bacillus cereus?

A

Rice (spores survive cooking process)

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12
Q

How does Bacillus cereus food poisoning present?

A

Vomiting 1-6 hrs after ingestion
Watery Diarrhea 6-15 hrs after ingestion
For 24 hours

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13
Q

What causes vomiting in B cereus infection?

A

Enterotoxin Cereulide forms holes in membranes

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14
Q

What causes diarrhea in B cereus infection?

A

Large amounts of bacteria cause it to generate toxins in small intestine

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15
Q

What is drug of first choice for B cereus?

A

Vancomycin

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16
Q

Does B cereus presence on incubation plate rule in its cause for diarrhea?

A

No because it’s ubiquitous

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17
Q

What does Clostridium botulinum look like?

A

G+ spore forming rod

18
Q

How is food borne botulism treated?

A

Vent if in resp failure
Antitoxin if paralysis is incomplete
Remove contaminated food in gut

19
Q

How do you diagnose botulism?

A

Organism or toxin in stool sample
Symptoms and history
Tests to exclude

20
Q

What is botulinum toxin?

A

Irreversibly blocks acetylcholine release from motor end plate

21
Q

What are symptoms of botulism?

A 
Blurred, double vision
Slurred speech
Difficulty swallowing
Drooping eyelids
Muscle weakness
22
Q

What are some food reservoirs for botulinum?

A

Toxin is in food, spores are in honey (don’t give honey to infants)

23
Q

What does Clostridium perfringens look like?

A

G+ spore forming rod

24
Q

What does C. perfringens enterotoxin do?

A

Binds to receptors in endothelial cell junctions, generating pores

25
Q

What skin disease is C perfringens responsible for?

A

Gas gangrene

26
Q

What are symptoms of C perfringens infection?

A

Diarrhea, abd cramps
After 6-24 hours of eating
Smx less than 24 hours
No fever or vomiting

27
Q

How do you diagnose C perfringens?

A

Detection of TOXIN or high amounts of bacteria in feces

28
Q

What does campylobacter jejuni look like?

A

Gram - spirilli, motile

29
Q

What is C jejuni reservoir?

A

Poultry

30
Q

How do you culture C. jejuni?

A 
Karmali agar (cold sensitive)
Oftentimes killed before cultured
31
Q

What are the symptoms of C jejuni

A

FEVER
Diarrhea, cramping, abd pain
Sx last a week
Can be bloody diarrhea

32
Q

Mechanism of disease for C jejuni?

A

Cell invasion, inflammatory response

33
Q

What are possible complications of C jejuni?

A

Guillain Barre syndrome

Reactive arthritis

34
Q

Which serotypes of salmonella cause typhoid (not food-related)?

A

Paratyphi A

Typhi

35
Q

Which serotypes of Salmonella cause gastroenteritis?

A

S. Enteritidis

S. Typhimurium (more common in US)

36
Q

What do salmonella look like?

A

Motile, gram negative bacilli

37
Q

What molecules are sought out on culture to find out if something is salmonella?

A

Lactose fermenting negative

H2S production positive

38
Q

What are symptoms of Salmonellosis?

A

Diarrhea
Sx typically last 4-7 days
12 hr to 3 day incubation
REACTIVE ARTHRITIS

39
Q

What is a major complication of salmonella?

A

Reactive arthritis, systemic infection

40
Q

What are typical reservoirs for Salmonella?

A 
Unwashed produce
Raw milk
Raw eggs
Food service (if ill)
Apparently turtles

Gastrointestinal - Microbiology (14 decks)

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