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Reviewers > Parasitology part 2 > Flashcards

Parasitology part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hermaphroditic, or monoecious (no separate sexes). they obtain nutrition through integument, with microtriches

A

Cestodes or tapeworms

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2
Q

anterior end of the body; muscular organ for attachment
“hold fast”

A

scolex

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3
Q

projection at the apex of the scolex armed with hooks or spines

A

Rostellum

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4
Q

Behind the scolex; unsegmented; region of growth where strobilation begins

A

Neck

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5
Q

chain of segments (proglottids)

A

Strobila

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6
Q

contains non-fully developed reproductive organs

A

immature segment

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7
Q

contains at least one set of fully developed reproductive organs

A

Mature segment

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8
Q

filled with eggs
other reproductive organs have atrophied
uterus remain

A

Gravid segment

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9
Q

proglottid detaches from the body to release eggs

A

apolysis

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10
Q

Fish tapeworm or Broad tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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11
Q

Uterus rosette shape

A

D. latum

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12
Q

Ova: abundant yolk granules, small knob at abopercular end

A

D. latum

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13
Q

Pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

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14
Q

Rostellum with double crown of 25-30 hooks

A

T. solium

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15
Q

Uterus has 7-15 lateral branches

A

T. solium

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16
Q

Cystic larvae of T. solium

A

Cysticercus bovis

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17
Q

IH of D. latum

A

1st: copepods
2nd: fish

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18
Q

IH of T. solium

A

Swine

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19
Q

Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

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20
Q

uterus has 15-30 lateral branches

A

T. saginata

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21
Q

Cystic larvae of T. saginata

A

Cysticercus cellulosae

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22
Q

Dwarf tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis nana

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23
Q

Short, invaginated rostellum with single row of 20 -30 hooks

A

H. nana

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24
Q

ova has 2 polar thickenings where 4-8 filaments arise

A

H. nana

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25
Q

IH of H. nana

A

Grain beetles, rat flea

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26
Q

Rat tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

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27
Q

RUdimentary rostellum without hooks

A

H. diminuta

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28
Q

ova has 2 polar thickenings where NO filaments arise

A

H. diminuta

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29
Q

Dog and cat tapeworm

A

Dipylidium caninum

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30
Q

Scolex is conical refractile with 1-7 circlets of hooks

A

Dipylidium caninum

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31
Q

Proglottid is vase-, barrel-, cucumber seed-, pumpkin seed- shaped with compartmented egg clusters

A

D. caninum

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32
Q

Genital pore is bilateral or double pored

A

D. caninum

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33
Q

ova has 8-12 eggs enclosed in a membranous capsule

A

D. caninum

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34
Q

hydatid tapeworm

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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35
Q

Scolex has rostellum with double crown of 30 - 36 hooks

A

E. granulosus

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36
Q

IH of E. granulosus

A

Sheep

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37
Q

MOT of D. latum

A

Ingestion of plerocercoid (sparganum) on flesh of infected fish

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38
Q

Causes megaloblastic anemia (Vit. B12)

A

D. latum

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39
Q

Eggs confused with Paragonimus eggs

A

D. latum

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40
Q

1st IH or Spirometra mansoni

A

Copepods

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41
Q

2nd IH of Spirometra mansoni

A

Frogs, snakes

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42
Q

Incidental host of Spirometra mansoni

A

Man

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43
Q

DH of Spirometra mansoni

A

Dogs and cats

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44
Q

Causes extraintestinal infection in the eyes, thorax, abdomen

A

Spirometra mansoni

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45
Q

Adult worms are mistaken for adult D. latum

A

Spirometra mansoni

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46
Q

Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

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47
Q

Eggs confused with pollen grains

A

Taenia eggs

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48
Q

DS of T. saginata

A

Eggs or proglottid

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49
Q

IS of T. saginata

A

Larva

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50
Q

Pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

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51
Q

Causes cysticercosis

A

Taenia solium

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52
Q

Dwarf tapeworm

A

Hymenolepis nana

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53
Q

Smallest intestinal cestode

A

H. nana

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54
Q

MOT of H. nana

A

Ingestion of cysticercoid in infected rat flea

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55
Q

IH of H. nana

A

Rat flea

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56
Q

DH of H. nana

A

Man

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57
Q

DS of H. nana

A

Embryonated egg

58
Q

IS of H. nana

A

Larva

59
Q

IH of H. diminuta

A

Arthropod

60
Q

DH of H. diminuta

A

Rat

61
Q

Gravid proglottids resemble rice grains (dry) or cucumber seeds (moist)

A

Dipylidium caninum

62
Q

MOT of E.granulosus

A

Ingestion of egg

63
Q

Filled with fluid containing brood capsules and protoscolices

A

Hydatid cyst

64
Q

Diagnosis for E. granulosus

A

Casoni’s intradermal test

65
Q

IS of E. granulosus

A

Ingestion of eggs

66
Q

Most commonly organ affected by E. granulosus

A

Liver

67
Q

IH of Echinococcus multiocularis

A

Rodents (mice, voles)

68
Q

DH of Echinococcus multiocularis

A

Foxes, wolves

69
Q

Fluid-filled cyst which contains multiple scolices arising from germinal layer

A

Coenurus

70
Q

Extraintestinal infection commonly in the brain, spinal cord, eyes

A

Multiceps spp

71
Q

Unsegmented, leaf-like appearance

A

Trematodes

72
Q

“Pierced with holes”

A

Trematos

73
Q

Oral sucker

A

Acetabulum

74
Q

Genital sucker

A

Gonotyl

75
Q

No body cavity

A

Acoelomate

76
Q

IH of heteroxenous trematodes

A

Snail

77
Q

Excretory system of Trematodes has branching tubules ending up in ___

A

Flame cells

78
Q

Functional unit for osmoregulation

A

Flame cells

79
Q

Egg stages of flukes are operculated except

A

Blood flukes

80
Q

Free swimming cilliated larval stage, pyriform in shape, has secretory glands–> enzymes for penetration of snail tissue

A

Miracidium

81
Q

Saclike, serves as brood sac for the development and production of redia

A

Sporocysts

82
Q

Daughter sporocysts

A

Redia

83
Q

Free-swimming larval stage with a tail

A

Cercaria

84
Q

Encysted cercaria

A

Metacercaria

85
Q

Capable of producing operculated eggs

A

Adult

86
Q

Habitat of liver flukes

A

Intrahepatic bile duct

87
Q

MOT of liver flukes

A

Ingestion of encysted metacercaria in infected secondary host

88
Q

Sheep liver fluke
Temperature fluke

A

Fasciola hepatica

89
Q

Hen’s egg with flat operculum

A

Fasciola hepatica

90
Q

Adult: leaf-shaped with branched ceca, with shoulder

A

Fasciola hepatica

91
Q

Tropical liver fluke

A

Fasciola gigantica

92
Q

Oriental liver fluke
Chinese liver fluke

A

Clonorchis sinensis

93
Q

E: old-fashioned electric bulb

A

Clonorchis sinensis

94
Q

A: bottle-neck appearance

A

Clonorchis sinensis

95
Q

Inflammation of the bile duct

A

Cholangitis

96
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder

A

Cholecystitis

97
Q

Cancer of the bile duct

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

98
Q

Car liver fluke
Southeast Asian liver fluke

A

Opisthorchis felineus and viverrini

99
Q

Resembles Clonorchis sinensis but narrow and smaller. Egg is practically similar

A

Opisthorchis felineus and viverrini

100
Q

Lancet liver fluke

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

101
Q

E: asymmetrically ovoid with broad convex opeculum

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

102
Q

A: lancet shaped
Testes obliquely anterior to ovary

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

103
Q

Causes liver for
Halzoun

A

Fasciola hepatica

104
Q

Causes hyperplasia of biliary epithelium

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

105
Q

Habitat of intestinal flukes

A

Small intestine

106
Q

Giant intestinal fluke
Largest fluke of man

A

Fasciolopsis buski

107
Q

E: identical to F. hepatica but larger and with slightly convex operculum
A: elongate-ovoid with unbranched ceca, no shoulder

A

Fasciolopsis buski

108
Q

Garrison’s fluke

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

109
Q

E: ovoid, straw colored with small operculum
A: attenuated at both ends; circumoral disk with horseshoe - shaped crown of 49-51 hooks

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

110
Q

Von Seibold fluke
Dwarf intestinal fluke

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

111
Q

Deadliest
Smallest fluke in man

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

112
Q

E: indistinguishable with Metagonimus
A: pyriform, with fine, scaly spines

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

113
Q

Yokogawai fluke

A

Metagonimus yokogawai

114
Q

Oriental lung fluke

A

Paragonimus westermani

115
Q

1st IH of P. westermani

A

Snail (Antemalania spp)

116
Q

2nd IH of P. westermani

A

Crustaceans (Sundathelphusa philippina mountain crab)

117
Q

Egg: asymmetrical with abopercular end which is generally thicker than the sides
A: when fresh, spoon-shaped. When preserved, coffee-bean shaped

A

Paragonimus westermani

118
Q

Causes pulmonary granuloma formation, fibrosis.
Usually misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis and cerebral paragonimiasis

A

Paragonimus westermani

119
Q

Fluke that penetrates skin lipids

A

Schistosoma spp

120
Q

Cercaria without a tail

A

Schistosomule

121
Q

Causes Bilharziasus

A

Schistosoma spp

122
Q

Causes swimmer’s itch, clam digger’s itch, water itch

A

Schistosoma spp

123
Q

Causes Katayama disease

A

Schistosoma spp

124
Q

Causes ectopic granulomas (colon, liver, spleen, lungs)

A

Schistosoma spp

125
Q

Causes urinary bladder cancer

A

Schistosoma haematobium

126
Q

Most pathogenic and virulent Schistosoma spp

A

Schistosoma japonicum

127
Q

Massive egg output (3000eggs/day)
Cerebral schistosomiasis

A

Schistosoma japonicum

128
Q

Method of choice for definitive diagnosis of schistomiasis in PH

A

Circumoval precipitin test (COPT)

129
Q

Oriental blood fluke

A

Schistosoma japonicum

130
Q

Habitat of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Superior mesenteric venules (drains the SI)

131
Q

Egg lateral knob (70-105 x 50-80um)
50- 100 eggs in uterus

A

Schistosoma japonicum

132
Q

Adult female: central ovary
Male: smooth tegument, 6-8 testes

A

Schistosoma japonicum

133
Q

Manson’s blood fluke

A

Schistosoma mansoni

134
Q

Habitat of Schistosoma mansoni

A

Inferior mesenteric venules (drains the LI)

135
Q

Egg: lateral spine (140-180 x 45-70um)
1-4 eggs in uterus

A

Schistosoma mansoni

136
Q

F: ovary in anterior half
M: coarsely tuberculated, 8-9 testes

A

Schistosoma mansoni

137
Q

Vesical blood fluke

A

Schistosoma haematobium

138
Q

Habitat of Schistosoma haematobium

A

Vesical plexus

139
Q

Egg: terminal spine (112-170 x 40-70 um)
20-30 eggs in uterus

A

Schistosoma haematobium

140
Q

F: ovary in posterior half
M: slightly tuberculated tegument, 4-5 testes

A

Schistosoma haematobium

141
Q

Egg: oval, minute lateral spine or knob
Ova is smaller than japonicum

A

Schistosoma mekongi

142
Q

Egg: elongate, terminal spine
Ova is larger than haematobium
Occurs primarily in the feces

A

Schistosoma intercalatum

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