Hematology Flashcards
Average volume of blood
5L
Percentage of blood in the body weight
7-8%
Germicidal soap is rubbed in the hands for ___ secs
15 secs
Rinsing of hands during hand washing
Downwards
Used to turn off the faucet when hand washing
Paper towels
Destroys pathogenic microorganisms in inanimate objects
Disinfection
Appropriate disinfectant
Household bleach or sodium hypochlorite
Dilution in sink disinfection
1:5-1:10
Destroy all forms of microbial life including spores
Sterilization
Concentration of oxalate
1-2 mg/ml of blood
Concentration of citrate
3.2 - 3.8 g/dL (0.105 or 0.129M)
Concentration of EDTA
1-2 mg/ml of blood or 1.5mg/ml
Concentration of fluoride
10 mg/ml of blood
Concentration of heparin
0.2 mg/ml of blood
Inversions for yellow, orange, green, lander, pink, gray
8
Number of inversions for red and gold
5
Number of inversions for light blue
3-4
Tourniquet should be applied ___ above the venipuncture sure and left no longer than 1 min
3-4 inches (7.5-10 cm)
Inner material that goes a temporary change in viscosity during the centrifugation process
Separator gel
Gauge for pediatric patients
23-25 gauge
Most common needle size for adult venipuncture
21 gauge
Length 1 inch
Most common skin cleanser
70% isopropyl alcohol
Used for sample collection for blood alcohol measurements
Benzalkonium chloride or non alcoholic anti-septic
Punctures should not be more than___ deep because of the risk of bone injury or possible infection (osteomyelitis)
2mm
Hemoglobin normal values
15-20 g/dl at birth
12-16 g/dl adult women
13-18 g/dl men
Reagents used in the cyanmethemoglobin method
Modified Drabkin’s reagent
donates cyanide to hemoglobin
Potassium cyanide
Converts Fe2 to Fe3
Potassium ferricyanide
Replaced the sodium bicarbonate (in the original drabkin’s reagent), shortens the reaction time from 15 minutes to 3 minutes
KH2PO4
Decreases the amount of turbidity resulting from abnormal proteins and improves RBC lysis
Nonionic detergent
sample for cyanmethemoglobin method
EDTA whole blood or capillary blood
Wavelength measured in cyanmethemoglobinn method
540 nm
the optical density of the solution is proportional to the concentration of hemoglobin, all forms of hemoglobin are measured except
sulfhemoglobin
Remedy for high WBC count and high plt count
Centrifuge the mixture and use the supernatant
Remedy for Hgb S and Hgb C
Dilute mixture 1:2 with water then multiply results by 2
Remedy for lipemic blood
Add 0.01 ml of patients plasma to 5.0 ml of HiCn reagent and use this mixture as the blank
measure functional hgb only
Blood oxygen Capacity (Gasometric or Van Slyke method)
1 hgb carries ___ of oxygen
1.34 ml
100 g Hb = ___ of Fe2
0.347 g
Used for blood donor screening
Copper sulfate method (Gravimetric method)
specific gravity of copper sulfate solution
1.053
drop of blood should be added from a height of about ___ cm in the copper sulfate method
1 cm
Reagent for acid hematin
0.1 N Hcl
Reagent for alkali hematin
0.1 N NaOH
formed by combination of hemoglobin with carbon monoxide
Carboxyhemoglobin
affinity of carbon monoxide to hgb than for oxygen
200x
color of carboxyhemoglobin
cherry red
peak absorbance of carboxyhemoglobin
576 nm
hgb wherein the ferrous ion has been oxidized to ferric state
Methemoglobin
type of hgb wherein most cases are acquired due to exposure to certain drugs and chemicals (nitrates, nitrites, quinones, chlorates)
Methemoglobin
Color of methemoglobin
Brown
peak absorbance of methemoglobin
630 nm
type of hgb though to be formed by the action of sulfonamides and aromatic amines
Sulfhemoglobin
color of sulfhemoglobin
mauve lavender
peak absorbance of sulfhemoglobin
618 nm
NV for HCt
45 - 60 % at birth
36 - 48% Females
40 - 55% Males
Length of microhematocrit tube
75 mm
internal bore of microhematocrit tube
1.2 mm
volume of blood microhematocrit tube can hold
0.05 ml
microhematocrit centrifuge capable of __ RCF
10,000 - 15,000
Incomplete sealing (less than ____ mm), leads to falsely low hct results
4-6 mm