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Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Deals with organisms that take up their abodes, on or within other living organisms for procuring food

A

Parasitology

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2
Q

Concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism to another

A

Parasitology

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3
Q

Causes Infection

A

Endoparasite

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4
Q

Causes infestation

A

Ectoparasite

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5
Q

Found in an organ which is not its usual habitat

A

Erratic parasite

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6
Q

Abberant parasite, wandering parasite

A

Erratic parasite

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7
Q

Examples of ectoparasites

A
  1. Sarcoptes scabiei “itch mite”
  2. Pediculus humanus capitis and corporis “Dog and cat hookworm”
  3. Pthirus pubis “pubic lice”
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8
Q

One that remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

A

Permanent parasite

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9
Q

One that lives on the host only for a short period of time (mosquito and bedbug)

A

Temporary parasite

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10
Q

Also known as Intermittent parasite

A

Temporary parasite

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11
Q

“Coprozoic”

A

Spurious parasite

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12
Q

Free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host

A

Spurious parasite

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13
Q

Parasite that causes injury to the host

A

Pathogenic parasite

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14
Q

Parasite that does not cause injury to the host

A

Non-pathogenic or commensal

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15
Q

Requires a host to live

A

Obligate

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16
Q

Has a free-living state; can also live inside the host

A

Facultative

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17
Q

Thrives in a host that is not its usual host

A

Accidental/Incidental

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18
Q

Requires only 1 host to complete life cycle

A

Monoxenous

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19
Q

Requires more than 1 host to complete life cycle

A

Heteroxenous

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20
Q

Harbors the adult and or the sexual stage of the parasite

A

Definitive host

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21
Q

Harbors the larva and or the asexual stage of the parasite

A

Intermediate

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22
Q

Harbors the parasite that does not undergo any development, remains alive, and is able to infect another susceptible host

A

Paratenic or Phoretic or Transport host

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23
Q

Living together of two unlike organisms.
May also involve protection, nourishment, and shelter to one or both organisms

A

Symbiosis

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24
Q

Eating at the same table

A

Commensalism

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25
Q

Both are benefitting

A

Mutualism

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26
Q

One benefitting, other is harmed

A

Parasitism

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27
Q

Required in the development of the parasite

A

Biological vector

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28
Q

For transport only

A

Mechanical or Phoretic or Transport or Harborage vector

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29
Q

thread-like, long whip-like structure

A

Flagella

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30
Q

false-feet

A

Pseudopodia

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31
Q

flexible sheet of material that joins the flagella to the surface of the cell

A

Undulating membrane

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32
Q

consist of polar rings, subpellicular tubules, conoid, rhoptries and micronemes;
for penetration and invasion of target cell

A

apical complex

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33
Q

Only pathogenic intestinal amoeba

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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34
Q

PC: fine, uniform, beaded appearance
K: central, small
“Bull’s eye appearance”

A

Entamoeba histolytica/dispar

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35
Q

Appearance of the cytoplasm of E. histolytica

A

Ground glass (clean-looking)

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36
Q

small race E. histolytica

A

E. hartmanni

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37
Q

Largest amoeba

A

E. coli

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38
Q

Cytoplasm of E. coli

A

Coarsely granular, vacuolated (dirty-looking)

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39
Q

“Smallest intestinal protozoan”
“Dwarf intestinal slug”

A

Endolimax nana

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40
Q

blot-like karyosome

A

Endolimax nana

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41
Q

Karyosome is large, central surrounded by refractile achromatic granules

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

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42
Q

chromatoidal bodies of E. histolytica/dispar

A

Blunt with rounded ends (cigar-shaped, sausage -shaped, rod-like)

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43
Q

Chromatoidal bodies of E. hartmanii

A

Elongated bar with blunt rounded ends (bar-like, rice grain)

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44
Q

Chromatoidal bars of Entamoeba coli

A

with pointed ends (splinter-like, broomstick, jagged ends)

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45
Q

N: Cross-eyed cyst, “button hole”

A

Endolimax nana

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46
Q

Nucleus is basket-shaped, “basket of flowers”

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

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47
Q

Swine amoeba, cyst is uninucleated, in pigs and monkeys

A

Entamoeba polecki

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48
Q

Pathogenic amoeba of humans, Capable of erythrophagocytosis

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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49
Q

infective stage of E. histolytica

A

Cyst

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50
Q

Diagnostic stage of E. histolytica

A

Formed stool: cyst
Water stool: trophozoite
Extraintestinal: trophozoite

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51
Q

Mode of transmission of E. histolytica

A

Fecal-oral, sexual

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52
Q

Ulcer made by E. histolytica

A

Flask-shaped

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53
Q

Hepatic amoebiasis (reddish brown or ___)

A

anchovy sauce abscess

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54
Q

Gold standard in the diagnosis of E. histolytica

A

Concentration technique

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55
Q

Culture media used in the diagnosis of E. histolytica

A

Boeck/ Drbohlav’s biphasic medium
Locke’s egg medium
Shaffer Ryden Frye medium
Balamuth’s medium
Robinson and Inokii

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56
Q

Stains used in the diagnosis of E. histolytica

A

Lugol’s iodine (cyst)
Quensel’s methylene blue (trophozoite)

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57
Q

Sucker-like structures for phagocytosis in culture forms of Naegleria fowleri

A

Amoebastomes

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58
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of N. fowleri

A

Trophozoite

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59
Q

POE and MOT is the nasal mucous membrane, through swimming in brackish or fresh water (rarely in swimming pools and inhalation of cyst from the dust)

A

Naegleria fowleri

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60
Q

Disease caused by N. fowleri

A

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

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61
Q

Stain used in the diagnosis of N. fowleri

A

Acridine orange

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62
Q

culture media used in the diagnosis of N. fowleri

A

Bacteria seeded agar (Gram-negative bacilli) –> trailing effect

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63
Q

CBC results of px with N. fowleri

A

Increased WBC - neutrophilia

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64
Q

CSF analysis (N. fowleri)

A

Increased PMNs, proteins
Decreased glucose

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65
Q

growth of this parasite is inhibited by 0.2% NaCl and Kcl

A

N. fowleri

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66
Q

Naegleria spp that is still viable after lyophilization for 6 months

A

Naegleria gruberi

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67
Q

Acanthamoeba spp has spinelike pseudopods called

A

acanthopodia

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68
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of Acanthamoeba spp

A

Trophozoite

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69
Q

POE and MOT of Acanthamoeba spp

A

Eyes (infecting contact lenses)

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70
Q

Motility of Acanthamoeba spp

A

Sluggish, polydirectional motility

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71
Q

disease caused by Acanthamoeba spp

A

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)

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72
Q

diseased caused by Acanthamoeba spp in immunocompetent hosts

A

Corneal ulcer/keratitis

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73
Q

stain used in corneal scrapings from Acanthamoeba infected areas

A

Calcafluor white stain

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74
Q

culture used in the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba spp

A

PYGC
Bacteria seeded agar (E. coli)

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75
Q

Technique of choice for the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba spp

A

Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody

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76
Q

formerly classified as yeast; now a protozoan

A

Blastocystis hominis

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77
Q

form of B. hominis that causes diarrhea

A

Vacuolated form

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78
Q

Culture media used in the diagnosis of B. hoinis

A

Boeck/Drbohlav’s
Nelson and Jones

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79
Q

Optimal growth of B. hominis using Nelson and Jones culture medium

A

37C in the presence of bacteria

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80
Q

motility of G. lamblia

A

Falling leaf

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81
Q

“Old man with eyeglasses”
“Monkey face”

A

G. lamblia

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82
Q

Has VSP (Variant Specific Surface Proteins)
resistant to intestinal proteases

A

G. lamblia

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83
Q

Cytoplasm of G. lamblia is often retrated from cyst wall (especially seen in ____)

“Halo effect”

A

Formalinized specimen

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84
Q

Gay bowel syndrome
Leningrad’s curse (traveler’s diarrhea)
Backpacker’s diarrhea
Beaver fever

A

Giardia lamblia

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85
Q

Diagnosis of G. lamblia

A

Enterotest (String test)

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86
Q

Transmission of G. lamblia

A

Fecal-oral, sexual

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87
Q

Most sensitive and most specific diagnostic test for G. lamblia

A

Direct Fluorescent Antibody

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88
Q

virulence factor of G. lamblia

A

Sucking disc

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89
Q

leads to malabsorption diarrhea –> steatorrhea

A

G. lamblia

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90
Q

Prominent cytosome
Shepherd’s crook
Spiral groove
Rotary motility

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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91
Q

Cyst: Lemon-shaped with anterior, hyaline knob (nipple-like)

A

C. mesnili

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92
Q

amoeboid, “stellate” appearance

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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93
Q

explosive disintegration in water
seen in D. fragilis

A

Hakansson phenomenon

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94
Q

Granules of D. fragilis demonstrates

A

Brownian movement

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95
Q

Concomitant with pinworm infection

A

D. fragilis

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96
Q

Diagnostic stage of D. fragilis

A

Binucleate trophozoite

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97
Q

undulating membrane extends entire length of the body

A

Pentatrichomonas hominis

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98
Q

Characteristic wobbly movement

A

Pentatrichomonas hominis

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99
Q

undulating membrane extends 1/2 length of the body
Rapid, jerky motility
Siderophil granules

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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100
Q

Cause of strawberry cervix, pingpong infection

A

T. vaginalis

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101
Q

Undulating membrane extends 2/3 length of the body

A

Trichomonas tenax

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102
Q

Developmental stages of Blood flagellates

A

Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

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103
Q

Source or habitat of L. tropica, L. major, and L. mexicana

A

Cutaneous
Tissue juice

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104
Q

Vector of Leishmania spp

A

Phlebotomus

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105
Q

Disease caused by L. tropica complex

A

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

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106
Q

Source of L. braziliensis

A

Mucocutaneous

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107
Q

Source of L. donovani complex

A

Visceral blood

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108
Q

DS stage of Leishmania spp

A

Amastigote

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109
Q

Infective stage of Leishmania spp

A

Promastigote

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110
Q

Culture used in the diagnosis of Leishmania spp

A

Novy-Macneal-Nicolle medium

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111
Q

Leishmanin skin test

A

Montenegro skin test

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112
Q

Aldehyde test of Napier (formol gel test)

A

Leishmania spp

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113
Q

Result of Aldehyde test of Napier for Visceral Leishmaniasis

A

(+: jellification), negative for others

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114
Q

Antimony test of Chopra

A

Leishmania spp

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115
Q

Result of Antimony test of Chopra in CL

A

(+: flocculence)
neg for others

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116
Q

Vector for Trypanosoma spp

A

TseTse fly

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117
Q

Vector of Leishmania spp

A

Phlebotomus (sandflies)

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118
Q

Game-attacking
Glossina spp
Tsetse flies

A

T. brucei rhodesiense

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119
Q

Acute African or East African Trypanosomiasis

A

T. brucei rhodesiense

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120
Q

Other name of Sleeping sickness

A

Nagana’s Disease

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121
Q

RIverine Glossina spp
Tsetse flies

A

T. brucei gambiense

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122
Q

Chronic African or West African Trypnosomiasis

A

T. brucei gambiense

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123
Q

Causes “Winterbottom’s sign”

A

Trypanosoma spp

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124
Q

Causes “Kerandel’s Sign”
CNS involvement

A

Trypanosoma spp

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125
Q

DS of Trypanosoma spp

A

Trypomastigote

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126
Q

IS of Trypanosoma spp

A

Metacyclic Trypopmastigote

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127
Q

Anterior Station Development

A

Trypanosoma spp

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128
Q

C-shaped Trypomastigote

A

T. cruzi

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129
Q

Reduvid bug
Cone-nosed bugs
Kissing bugs
Assasin bug
Triatoma infestans
Pastrongylus megistus
Rhodnius prolixus

A

T. cruzi

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130
Q

vector of T. cruzi seen in the Philippines

A

Triatoma rubrofasciata

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131
Q

South American Trypanosomiasis
Chagas disease

A

T. cruzi

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132
Q

Causes chronic disease: affects heart; may also cause achalasia and megacolon

A

T. cruzi

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133
Q

Manifestation of infection cause by T. cruzi

A

Chagoma

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134
Q

Romana’s sign: swelling of the eyelids

A

T. cruzi

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135
Q

DS of T. cruzi

A

Trypomastigote (blood)
Amastigote (tissue)

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136
Q

IS of T. cruzi

A

Metacyclic Trypomastigote

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137
Q

Culture used in the diagnosis of T. cruzi

A

Chang’s medium
Novy-Macneal-Nicolle medium

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138
Q

Xenodiagnosis of T. cruzi

A

Triatomid Bugs

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139
Q

causes Posterior station development: stercorarian

A

T. cruzi

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140
Q

Largest protozoan parasite of humans

A

Balantidium coli

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141
Q

Reservoir of Balantidium coli

A

pigs

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142
Q

part of B. coli for locomotory, rotary motiion

A

Cilia

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143
Q

Part of B. coli for osmoregulation

A

Contractile vacuoles

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144
Q

Food vacuole of B. coli

A

Cystostome

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145
Q

Motility of B. coli

A

Rolling ball or Thrown Ball (rotary motility)

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146
Q

Disease caused by B. coli

A

Balantidiasis

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147
Q

Ulcer formed by B. coi

A

Wide neck and rounded base

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148
Q

does B. coli produces extraintestinal infection

A

NO

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149
Q

Diagnosis of B. coli

A

Microscopy or biopsy

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150
Q

actively dividing form by mutiple fission

A

Schizont

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151
Q

daughter cell from schizont

A

Merozoite

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152
Q

fusion of macrogamete and microgamete

A

Syngamy

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153
Q

product of syngamy

A

zygote

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154
Q

Intermediate host of Plasmodium spp

A

Man

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155
Q

vector of Plasmodium spp

A

Female anopheles mosquito

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156
Q

malignant tertian malaria
Blackwater fever

A

P. falciparum

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157
Q

Benign tertian malaria

A

P. vivax

158
Q

Quartan malaria

A

P. malariae

159
Q

Tertian malaria

A

P. ovale

160
Q

Quotidian malaria

A

P. knowlesi

161
Q

Relapse: recrudescence

A

P. falciparum, malariae, knowlesi

162
Q

Relapse: true relapse

A

P. vivax, P. ovale

163
Q

Infect RBCs in all ages

A

P. falciparum, knowlesi

164
Q

Infect young RBC

A

P. vivax, P. ovale (ragged edges)

165
Q

Infect old/senescent RBCs

A

P. malariae

166
Q

Inclusion in P. falciparim

A

Maurer’s

167
Q

Inclusion in vivax

A

Schuffner’s

168
Q

Inclusion in malariae

A

Ziemann’s

169
Q

Inclusion in ovalue

A

James/Schuffner’s

170
Q

Inclusion in knowlesi

A

Stinton and Mulligan’s

171
Q

Ring form: delicate, small ring with 2 chromatin dots; applique forms present

A

P. falciparum

172
Q

RIng form: 1/3 of cell diameter, heavy chromatin dot

A

P. vivax

173
Q

RIng form: 1/8 cell diameter, smaller than P. vivax; heavy chromatin dot

A

P. malariae

174
Q

Ring form: larger and more amoeboid than P. vivax

A

P. ovale

175
Q

Ring form: resembles falciparum applique, 2 chromatin dots

A

P. knowlesi

176
Q

Trophozoite: not seen in PB

A

falciparum

177
Q

Trophozoite: amoeboid form

A

vivax

178
Q

Trophozoite: band shape

A

malariae, knowlesi

179
Q

Trophozoite: ring shape

A

ovale

180
Q

Schizonts: not seen in PB

A

falciparum

181
Q

Schizonts: fills entire RBC

A

vivax

182
Q

Schizonts: rosette or daisy head

A

malariae

183
Q

Schizonts: rosette or irregular cluster

A

ovale

184
Q

Schizonts: fills the RBC, pigments collect into one/few mass

A

knowlesi

185
Q

gametocytes: crescent or sausage-shaped

A

falciparum

186
Q

stages of falciparum seen in PB

A

ring forms, few gametocytes

187
Q

stages of vivax seen in PB

A

all stages

188
Q

stages of malariae seen in PB

A

few ring forms, mostly mature trophozoites and schizons

189
Q

stages of ovale seen in PB

A

all stages

190
Q

stages of knowlesi seen in PB

A

ring and mature schizonts not observed in all infections

191
Q

occurrence of erythrocytic cycle in tertian malaria

A

every 48 hours

192
Q

occurrence of erythrocytic cycle in quartan malaria

A

every 72 hours

193
Q

occurrence of erythrocytic cycle in quotidian malaria

A

every 24 hours

194
Q

reappearance of symptoms after a period when organisms were absent in blood; reactivation of Hypnozoites

A

True relapse

195
Q

from clinically undetectable parasites and without symptoms–> renewed symptoms, increase number of parasites to clinically detectable

A

Recrudescence

196
Q

interval of time from sporozoite injection to detection of parasites in blood

A

Prepatent period

197
Q

prepatent period of falciparum

A

11-14 days

198
Q

prepatent period of vivax

A

11-15 dayse

199
Q

prepatent period of ovale

A

14-26 days

200
Q

prepatent period of malariae

A

3-4 weeks

201
Q

average prepatent period of plasmodium spp

A

2-4 weeks

202
Q

incubation period of plasmodium spp

A

8 - 40 days

203
Q

resistance to P. vivax

A

Fy (a-b-)

204
Q

Resistance to P. falciparum

A

Sickle cell trait, sickle cell anemia, G6PD deficiency

205
Q

transportaion of blood collected from suspected malaria px

A

within 2 hours at room temp

206
Q

gold standard in diagnosing malaria

A

Thick and thin smear

207
Q

stain used in thick and thin smear

A

Giemsa stain

208
Q

most preferred sample used in thick and thin smear

A

capillary blood

209
Q

OIF to finish in thick smear

A

100 OIF

210
Q

OIF to finish in thin smear

A

200 - 300 OIF

211
Q

purpose of the thick smear

A

for rapid detection

212
Q

purpose of thin smear

A

for ID

213
Q

rapid detection test only by P. falciparum

A

Histidine rich protein 2

214
Q

rapid detection test for all malarial parasites

A

Parasite lactate dehydrogenaase
Plasmodium aldolase

215
Q

Detects HRP-2

A

Parasight F

216
Q

detects both HRP-2 and pLDH

A

OptiMAL test

217
Q

detects HRP 2 and plasmodium aldolase

A

ICT malaria P.f/P.v

218
Q

resembles P. falciparum ring forms, but no malarial pigments

A

Babesia microti

219
Q

definitive host of Babesia microti

A

Ixodid ticks

220
Q

Intermediate host of Babesia microti

A

Man

221
Q

causative agent of Red water fever in cattles

A

Babesia bigemina

222
Q

the only heteroxenous intestinal coccidia

A

Sacrocystic spp

223
Q

MOT of intestinal coccidia

A

Fecal-oral through food, water, meat

224
Q

Habitat of intestinal coccidia

A

small intestine

225
Q

Intestinal coccidia invade __ causing malabsorption and diarrhea

A

enterocytes

226
Q

causes isosporiasis - diarrhea in immunocompromised person

A

Isospora belli

227
Q

Diagnosis of I. belli

A

Mod. Kinyoun Stain/ Auramine-rhodamine
Enterotest
Sugar-floatation technique

228
Q

water-born parasite causing Gay bowel syndrome, pulmonary sporidiosis

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

229
Q

cyano-bacterium like body

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

230
Q

Diagnosis of Cyclospora cayetanensis

A

Autofluorescent

231
Q

causes diarrhea in immunocompromised host

A

Sarcocystis hominis and lindemanni

232
Q

Ingestion of ___ of T. gondii in meat of other animals causes the disease

A

zoitocyst

233
Q

stage of T. gondii that is transferred via blood transfusion

A

Tachyzoites

234
Q

stage of T. gondii that can be transferred via organ transplantation

A

zoitocyst, tachyzoite, and bradyzoite

235
Q

stage of T. gondii transferred from mother to fetus

A

tachyzoites

236
Q

disease caused by T. gondii

A

Congenital Toxoplasmosis

237
Q

Sabin’s tetrad

A

Retinochoroiditis
Cerebral calcification
Hydrocephalus or microencephalus
Seizures

238
Q

DS of T. gondii

A

Tachyzoites (blood)
Zoitocyst (tissue)

239
Q

Detects the presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies

A

Sabin-Feldman dye test

240
Q

Positive result of Sabin-Feldman dye test

A

Toxoplasma trophozoites are NOT stained

241
Q

elongated, bilaterally symmetrical, cylindrical, unsegmented

A

Nematodes

242
Q

Whip worm

A

Trichuris trichiura

243
Q

esophagus resembles string of beads

A

Stichocytes

244
Q

Lemon-shaped, barrel-shaped, Japanese lantern with bipolar hyaline plugs

A

Trichuris trichiura

245
Q

IS of T. trichiura

A

Embryonated egg

246
Q

DS of T. trichiura

A

unembryonated egg

247
Q

habitat of T. trichiura

A

large intestine

248
Q

may cause microcytic anemia, rectal prolapse , appendicitis

A

T. trichiura

249
Q

Soil transmitted
Coinfection with Ascaris lumbricoides

A

T. trichiura

250
Q

Pudoc worm

A

Capillaria philippinensis

251
Q

Peanut-shaped, guitar-shaped with flattened bipolar plugs

A

Capillaria philippinensis

252
Q

IS of Capillaria philippinensis

A

Larva in fish

253
Q

DS of C. philippinensis

A

Unembryonated egg

254
Q

IH of C. philippinensis

A

fish

255
Q

Pudoc or mystery disease - intestinal capilariasis

A

C. philippinensis

256
Q

SS of Pudoc disease

A

Borborygmus, intestinal malabsorption

257
Q

autoinfection is common in this parasite under Class adenophorea

A

C. philippinensis

258
Q

Liver worm

A

Capillaria hepatica

259
Q

Lemon-shaped; outer shell: pitted like a golf ball appearance

A

Capillaria hepatica

260
Q

IS of C. hepatica

A

embryonated egg

261
Q

DS of C. hepatica

A

egg in liver biopsy

262
Q

Causes hepatic capillariasis

A

C. hepatica

263
Q

Trichina worm

A

Trichinella spiralis

264
Q

Anterior is slender with a small orbicular nonpilated mouth
Posteriori end is bluntly rounded in the femal and ventrally curved with two lobar caudal appendages in male

A

Trichinella spiralis

265
Q

Larva: spear-like tip

A

T. spirallis

266
Q

IS of T. spirallis

A

encysted larva

267
Q

DS of T. spiralis

A

encysted larva in muscles

268
Q

Diagnosis is by the use of Beck’s xenodiagnosis using albino rats
and Bachman intradermal test

A

T. spiralis

269
Q

Giant intestinal roundworm;
largest intestinal nematode

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

270
Q

adult stage has trilobate lips

A

A. lumbricoides

271
Q

Nonpermeable, lipodal, vitelline membrane of fertilized egg of A. lumbricoides

A

Inner

272
Q

Thick, transparent, glycogen membrane of the fertilized egg of A. lumbricoides

A

Middle layer

273
Q

Coarsely mamilated albuminous layer of the fertilized egg of A. lumbricoides

A

Outer layer

274
Q

layer absent in the unfertilized egg of A. lumbricoides

A

Glycogen membrane (middle)

275
Q

No outer albuminous layer of the egg of A. lumbricoides

A

Decorticated

276
Q

IS of A. lumbricoides

A

Embryonated egg

277
Q

DS of A. lumbricoides

A

unembryonated egg

278
Q

Habitat of A. lumbricoides

A

Small intestine

279
Q

Capable of heart-to-lung migration

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

280
Q

Loeffler’s syndrome is present

A

Ascariasis

281
Q

Pot belly (bollus); appendicitis, billary ascariasis, cognitive and growth impairment of children

A

Sandbox infection

282
Q

Pinworm, seatworm

A

Enterobius vermicularis

283
Q

old name of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Oxyuris vermicularis

284
Q

2 distinctive features of Enterobius vermicularis

A

Cephalic alae
Esophageal bulb

285
Q

D-shape, persimmon seed-like

A

Enterobius vermicularis

286
Q

IS of E. vermicularis

A

embryonated egg

287
Q

DS of E. vermicularis

A

embryonated egg

288
Q

Males dies after copulation;
can cause autoinfection

A

E. vermicularis

289
Q

Method used to diagnose E. vermicularis

A

Graham’s scotch tape method

290
Q
A
291
Q

Dog ascaria, dog roundworm

A

Toxocara canis

292
Q

adult stage has a bow cervical alae

A

T. canis

293
Q

Resemble those of Ascaris but larger, less elongate with thinner shell and albuminoid outer covering

A

Toxocara canis

294
Q

IS of T. canis/cati

A

embryonated egg

295
Q

DS of T. canis/cati

A

larva (affected tissue)

296
Q

2 infections caused by Toxocara spp

A

Visceral larva migrans
Ocular larva migrans

297
Q

Cat ascaria, cat roundworm

A

Toxocara cati

298
Q

adult stage has an arrowhead cervical alae

A

Toxocara cati

299
Q

Giant kidney worm

A

Dioctophyma renale

300
Q

Adult stage is cylindrical, blood-red, bell-shaped bursa with spicule

A

Dioctophyma renale

301
Q

Egg: barrel-shaped, thick, pitted shell

A

Dioctophyma renale

302
Q

IH of Dioctophyma renale

A

earthworms

303
Q

PAratenic host of Dioctophyma renale

A

fish and frogs

304
Q

Incidental host of Dioctophyma renale

A

Man

305
Q

New world hookworm

A

Necator americanus

306
Q

Adult stage has a sharply bent head forming a definite hook shape at anterior end

A

Necator americanus

307
Q

1 pair of semilunar cutting plates
1 median tooth

A

Necator americanus

308
Q

Copulatory bursa:
Longer than broad
Dorsal rays - deep cleft and tips bipartite
2 spicules - fused and barbed

A

Necator americanus

309
Q

IS of Necator americanus

A

Filariform larva

310
Q

DS of Necator americanus

A

unembryonated egg

311
Q

Habitat of Necator americanus

A

small intestine

312
Q

Hookworm spp capable of heart-to-lung migration

A

N. americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale

313
Q

MOT of N. americanus

A

skin penetration

314
Q

Ground itch, dew itch, Coolie itch

A

Larval penetration of N. americanus

315
Q

Pneumonitis + eosinophila

A

Loeffler’s syndrome

316
Q

Category of anemia caused by N. americanus

A

Microcytic, hypochromic

317
Q

Diagnostic tests for Hookworm spp

A

DFS
Kato-Katz method
Coproculture - Baermann technique
Harada-Mori technique

318
Q

Old world Hookworm

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

319
Q

Pinkish/Grayish white, slightly bent head
Female is somewhat longer and stoutier

A

Ancylostoma spp

320
Q

2 ventral pairs of fused teeth

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

321
Q

SHort and broad copulatory bursa
Dorsal rays - shallow cleft and tips tripartite
2 spicules - unfused and not barbed

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

322
Q

due to ingestion of larva: nausea, vomiting, pharyngeal irritation, cough, dyspnea

A

Wakana Syndrome

323
Q

MOT of A. duodenale

A

Skin penetration, ingestion of larva

324
Q

Dog hookworm

A

Ancylostoma caninum

325
Q

Cat hookworm

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

326
Q

3 ventral pairs of fused teeth

A

Ancylostoma caninum

327
Q

2 ventral pairs of unfused teeth

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

328
Q

Large, flame-shaped copulatory bursa
Rays- long and slender

A

Ancylostoma caninum

329
Q

As broad as long copulatory bursa
Rays-stunted

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

330
Q

Forms serpiginous tunnels = creeping eruptions
Cutaneous larva migrans

A

Ancylostoma caninum and A. braziliense

331
Q

Threadworm

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

332
Q

only female adult lives

A

Parasitic existence

333
Q

Parthenogenetic parasite: parasite is able to produce a row of offspring without fertilization by the male adult

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

334
Q
A
335
Q

IS of S. stercoralis

A

Filariform larva

336
Q

DS of S. stercoralis

A

Rhabditiform larva

337
Q

Dermatitis, ground/dew/Coolie itch

A

Larval penetration of S. stercoralis

338
Q

Mucoid diarrhea, Cochin-china diarrhea/Vietname diarrhea

A

Adult worm of S. stercoralis

339
Q

technique that uses test tube to diagnose S. stercoralis, Strongyloides move upwards

A

Harada-Mori technique

340
Q

Larva harvesting procedure uses a funnel

A

Coproculture- Baermann Technique

341
Q

Hookworm: Long buccal cavity
Small genital primordium

A

Rhabtidiform larvae

342
Q

Hookworm: Short esophagus
Pointed tail

A

Filariform larvae

343
Q

Strongyloides: Short buccal cavity
Promient genital primordium

A

Rhabditiform larvae

344
Q

Strongyloides: Long esophagus
Notched tail

A

Filariform larvae

345
Q

Bancroft’s filaria

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

346
Q

Brugian/Malarian filaria

A

Brugia malayi

347
Q

African eye worm

A

Loa loa

348
Q

Convoluted filaria
Blinding worm

A

Onchocerca volvulus

349
Q

Filarial parasites that inhabits the lymphatics

A

W. bancrofti and B. malayi

350
Q

Filarial parasites that inhabit the subcutaneous tissue

A

Loa loa and Onchocerca volvulus

351
Q

Filarial parasite that inhabits the mesenteries

A

Mansonella perstans

352
Q

Vector of W. bancrofti

A

Anopheles, Cules, Aedes

353
Q

Vector of B. malayi

A

Mansonia

354
Q

Vector of Loa loa

A

Mando/Deer/Tabanid fly (Chrysops)

355
Q

Vector of Onchocerca volvulus

A

Black fly/Buffalo gnat (Simulium damnosum)

356
Q

Vector of Mansonella spp

A

Biting midges (Culicoides)

357
Q

Disease: Elephantiasis (lower) with chyocoele/hydrocoele and chyluria

A

W. bancrofti

358
Q

Tropical Pulmonary eosinophilia

A

W. bancrofti

359
Q

Disease: Elphantiasis (upper) without chyluria

A

B. malayi

360
Q

Causes immunosuppression by inducing apoptosis of CD4+ cells

A

B. malayi

361
Q

Causes calabar/fugitive swelling

A

Loa loa

362
Q

Causes blinding filariasis, River blindness, onchocercomata, Hanging groin, Leopard skin

A

Onchocerca volvulus

363
Q

Causes calabar-like swelling, Kampala, Ugandan Eye worm

A

Mansonella perstans

364
Q

Causes pruritic dermatitis

A

Mansonella streptocerca

365
Q

Mosquito seen in urban and suburban areas

A

Culex

366
Q

Mosquito endemic in Pacific

A

Aedes

367
Q

Mosquito seen in rural areas

A

Anopheles

368
Q

IS of Filarial parasites

A

Larva (L3s)

369
Q

DS of filarial parasites

A

Microfilaria

370
Q

Graceful appearance

A

W. bancrofti

371
Q

Kinky appearance

A

B. malayi

372
Q

Bent in Shepherd’s crook, walking stick

A

Mansonella streptocerca

373
Q

Guinea worm
Serpent worm
Dragon worm
Medina worm
Fiery serpent of Israelites

A

Dracunculus medinensis

374
Q

Adult male: Catgut thread

A

D. medinensis

375
Q

IS of D. medinensis

A

Larva

376
Q

DS of D. medinensis

A

Worm, larva

377
Q

MOT of D. medinensis

A

Ingestion of larva inside copepods

378
Q

IH of D. medinensis

A

Cyclops (copepods, “water fleas”)

379
Q

Rust-colored, cephalic bulb with four rows of hooks (roundworm)

A

Gnathostoma spinigerum

380
Q

Disease: Gnasthostomiasis, visceral and cutaneous larva migrans-like syndrome, CNS involvement (eosinophilic myeloencephalitis)

A

Gnathostoma spinigerum

381
Q

Dog heartworm

A

Dirofilaria immitis

382
Q

Pathogenesis: solitary, peripheral nodules in the lung (coin lesions), subcutaneous nodules

A

Dirofilaria immitis

383
Q

Rat lung worm

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

384
Q

THe uterine tubules of female worm of Angiostrongylus cantonensis has __ appearance

A

Barber’s pole

385
Q

Disease: Larva invades the eye and CNS eosinophilic myeloencephalitis

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

386
Q

Herring’s worm

A

Anisakis

387
Q

DH of Anisakis

A

Whales and Dolphins

388
Q

Acquired through ingestion of raw fish infected with larva like sashimi

A

Anisakis

389
Q

Pathogenesis: Granulomatous abscess of the gastric and intestinal mucosa

A

Anisakis

390
Q
A

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