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Tina's Deck of Knowledge 😅 > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Depending on the site of infection, what do you call a free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract with infecting the host?

A

Spurious parasite

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2
Q

Presence of an ectoparasite connotes ______.

A

Infestation

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3
Q

Presence of an endoparasite connotes ______.

A

Infection

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3
Q

It is considered as the most invasive parasite among the Entamoebas.

A

Entamoeba hystolytica

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4
Q 
The type of host that allows the life cycle to continue and become additional source of human infection.
A. Definitive
B. Intermediate
C. Reservoir
D. Paratenic
A

C. Reservoir

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5
Q 
The type of host that acts a means of transport so that the infective stage reaches its final host.
A. Definitive
B. Intermediate
C. Reservoir
D. Paratenic
A

D. Paratenic

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6
Q

This intestinal amoeba is a harmless inhabitant and is differentiated from E. hystolytica by the presence of a cyst with whisk broom ends and a trophozoite with a dirty cytoplasm.

A

Entamoeba coli

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7
Q

The period between the time of parasitic injection and the demonstration of infection.

A

Pre-patent period (Biological)

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8
Q

Enumerate the 3 virulence factors of E. hystolytica.

A

Gal/GalNac lectin (adherence)
Amebapores (penetration, stimulates IL-8)
Cysteine protease (cytopathic effect)

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9
Q

Intestinal amoeba that highly stains with iodine due to its large glycogen vacuole contained in its cyst.

A

Iodamoeba bustchlii

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10
Q

Intestinal amoeba that is transmitted through direct kissing and sharing utensils. Pathognomonic finding is a trophozoite with ingested WBC.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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11
Q

Free-living amoeba that is the causative agent of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.

A

Acanthamoeba

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12
Q

Give the 2 most common complications of Amoebic colitis.

A

Perforation, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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13
Q

DOC for the cyst carrier state of E. hystolytica

A

Diloxanide furoate

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14
Q

Intestinal flagellate with a characteristic kite-like or falling-leaf motility.

A

Giardia lamblia

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15
Q

Opportunistic intestinal protozoa with a monoxenous life cycle.

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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16
Q

What is the infective stage of all intestinal amoeba?

A

Cyst

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17
Q

Urogenital protozoa that exists only as a trophozoite with 4 flagella and an anteriorly placed nucleus.

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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18
Q

The immature cyst of this intestinal amoeba contains a cigar/sausage-shaped chromatoidal body.

A

Entamoeba hystolytica

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19
Q

DOC of Cryptosporidium in immunocompromised patients.

A

Spiramycin

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20
Q

The largest protozoan parasite.

A

Balantidium coli

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21
Q

Differentiate the ulcer produced in amoebic dysentery vs bacillary dysentery.

A

Amoebic: flask-shaped
Bacillary: round, wide-based

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22
Q

DOC for most coccidian infections.

A

TMP-SMX

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23
Q

Coccidian with cyanobacterium-like body.

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

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24
Q

Vector of Plasmodium falciparum transmission.

A

Anopheles minimus var flavirostris

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25
Q

Diagnostic stage of malarial infection.

A

Trophozoite

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26
Q

Free-living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).

A

Naegleria fowleri

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27
Q

Most frequent symptom of Trichomonas infection in men? women?

A

M: asymptomatic
F: vaginal discharge

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28
Q

Previously known as the Leningrad’s curse and is otherwise known as traveler’s diarrhea and gay bowel syndrome.

A

Giardiasis/Lambliasis

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29
Q

What do you call the dormant, exo-erythrocytic form of plasmodium that is responsible for its relapse?

A

Hypnozoite

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30
Q

Recrudescence due to undetectable asexual parasitemia is seen in which 2 plasmodium species?

A

P. falciparum, P. malariae

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31
Q

Malarial dots: Punctate granulations in P. ovale and P. vivax.

A

Schuffner dots

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32
Q

Malarial dots: Fine granulations in P. malariae.

A

Ziemann dots

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33
Q

Malarial dots: Coarse granulations in P. falciparum

A

Maurer dots

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34
Q

What do you call the type of Toxoplasma trophozoite that is rapidly, formed during acute infections?

A

Tachyzoite

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35
Q

Areas of high-malarial endemicity

A

PIKA: Palawan, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao, Agusan del Sur

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36
Q

DOC for prophylaxis in areas with MDR P. falciparum

A

Doxycycline

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37
Q

The complete cycle of Toxoplasma gondii occurs in ____.

A

Domestic cats

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38
Q

What do you call the encysted form of Toxoplasma trophozoite that is slowly-formed during chronic/asymptomatic infections?

A

Bradyzoite

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39
Q

The infective stage of all Trypanosoma species.

A

Metacyclic trypomastigote

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40
Q

In shellfish poisoning syndromes caused by dinoflagellates, what toxin is responsible for short-term memory loss and seizures?

A

Domoic acid

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41
Q

DOC for American trypanosomiasis

A

Nifurtimox

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42
Q

This sign is seen in chronic sleeping sickness caused by T. brucei and is characterized by severe pain on pressure of palms of hands.

A

Kerandel’s sign

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43
Q

In shellfish poisoning syndromes caused by dinoflagellates, what toxin causes facial paresthesias, slurred speech and ataxia?

A

Brevetoxin

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44
Q

Tissue protozoan that causes cutaneous or oriental sore

A

Leishmania tropica

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45
Q

Pathognomonic symptom in Leishmania donovani infections.

A

Fever with twice daily elevations

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46
Q

Espundia lesions + Tapir lesions + Chiclero ulcer are all seen in this tissue protozoan infection.

A

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (T. braziliensis)

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47
Q

DOC for all infections caused by Cestodes

A

Praziquantel

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48
Q

Diagnostic stage of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Hydatid cyst

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49
Q

Megaloblastic anemia is seen this cestode infection.

A

Diphyllobothriasis

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50
Q

Schistosoma species: prominent lateral spine

A

S. mansoni

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52
Q

What is the method of choice of diagnosing Schistosoma sp. infection in the Philippines?

A

Circumoval precipitin test

54
Q

Most common and most important site of E. granulosus infection.

A

Liver

55
Q

What is the only human tapeworm that does not require an intermediate host to complete its life cycle?

A

Hymenolepis nana

56
Q

DOC for Sleeping sickness with CNS invasion

A

Melarsoprol

57
Q

In shellfish poisoning syndromes caused by dinoflagellates, what toxin causes total paralysis and respiratory failure?

A

Saxitoxin

58
Q

Schistosoma species: Small lateral spine that looks like a knob

A

S. japonicum

59
Q

Schistosoma species: has a terminal spine, making it look spindle-shaped

A

S. hematobium

60
Q

The only trematode that is not a hermaphrodite.

A

Schistosoma sp.

61
Q

Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus westermani

A

unembryonated egg

62
Q

Infective stage of Schistosoma sp.

A

cercaria (note: they are the only trematodes without a metacercarial stage)

63
Q

What is the most serious complication of P. westermani infection?

A

Cerebral cysticercosis

64
Q

What is the most common heterophyid fluke in the Far East?

A

Metagonimus yokogawi (Yokogawa’s fluke)

65
Q

DOC for all infections caused by trematodes

A

Praziquantel

66
Q

Large, leaf-shaped liver fluke that causes Halzoun

A

Fasciola hepatica

67
Q

Otherwise known as the Giant intestinal fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

68
Q

Pyriform, grayish intestinal fluke covered with scale-like spines that causes granulomatous lesions in the heart and brain and gastric inflammation mimicking peptic ulcer disease

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

69
Q

All nematodes has the larvae as their infective stages except these 2 roundworms.

A

Ascaris and Trichuris (embryonated egg)

70
Q

Which 3 nematodes are capable of autoinfection?

A

CES: Capillaria, Enterobius, Strongyloides

71
Q

Adjunct to anti-parasitic treatment of patients with hookworm infections

A

Iron therapy (they usually present with microcytic anemia)

72
Q

Differentiate the buccal spears of Necator and Ancylostoma.

A

Necator have dorsal and ventral cutting plates while Ancylostoma have 4 sharp tooth-like structures

73
Q

Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a football/Japanese lantern/barrel-shaped egg with bipolar plugs

A

Trichuris trichiura

74
Q

Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a peanut-shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs

A

Capillaria philippinensis

75
Q

Smallest of intestinal nematodes

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

76
Q

This nematode is capable of producing hyperinfection in immunocompromised hosts.

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

77
Q

Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus westermani

A

unembryonated egg

78
Q

Infective stage of Schistosoma sp.

A

cercaria (note: they are the only trematodes without a metacercarial stage)

79
Q

What is the most serious complication of P. westermani infection?

A

Cerebral cysticercosis

80
Q

What is the most common heterophyid fluke in the Far East?

A

Metagonimus yokogawi (Yokogawa’s fluke)

81
Q

DOC for all infections caused by trematodes

A

Praziquantel

82
Q

Large, leaf-shaped liver fluke that causes Halzoun

A

Fasciola hepatica

83
Q

Otherwise known as the Giant intestinal fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

84
Q

Pyriform, grayish intestinal fluke covered with scale-like spines that causes granulomatous lesions in the heart and brain and gastric inflammation mimicking peptic ulcer disease

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

85
Q

All nematodes has the larvae as their infective stages except these 2 roundworms.

A

Ascaris and Trichuris (embryonated egg)

86
Q

Which 3 nematodes are capable of autoinfection?

A

CES: Capillaria, Enterobius, Strongyloides

87
Q

Adjunct to anti-parasitic treatment of patients with hookworm infections

A

Iron therapy (they usually present with microcytic anemia)

88
Q

Differentiate the buccal spears of Necator and Ancylostoma.

A

Necator have dorsal and ventral cutting plates while Ancylostoma have 4 sharp tooth-like structures

89
Q

Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a football/Japanese lantern/barrel-shaped egg with bipolar plugs

A

Trichuris trichiura

90
Q

Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a peanut-shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs

A

Capillaria philippinensis

91
Q

Smallest of intestinal nematodes

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

92
Q

This nematode is capable of producing hyperinfection in immunocompromised hosts.

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

93
Q

Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus westermani

A

unembryonated egg

94
Q

Infective stage of Schistosoma sp.

A

cercaria (note: they are the only trematodes without a metacercarial stage)

95
Q

What is the most serious complication of P. westermani infection?

A

Cerebral cysticercosis

96
Q

What is the most common heterophyid fluke in the Far East?

A

Metagonimus yokogawi (Yokogawa’s fluke)

97
Q

DOC for all infections caused by trematodes

A

Praziquantel

98
Q

Large, leaf-shaped liver fluke that causes Halzoun

A

Fasciola hepatica

99
Q

Otherwise known as the Giant intestinal fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

100
Q

Pyriform, grayish intestinal fluke covered with scale-like spines that causes granulomatous lesions in the heart and brain and gastric inflammation mimicking peptic ulcer disease

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

101
Q

All nematodes has the larvae as their infective stages except these 2 roundworms.

A

Ascaris and Trichuris (embryonated egg)

102
Q

Which 3 nematodes are capable of autoinfection?

A

CES: Capillaria, Enterobius, Strongyloides

103
Q

Adjunct to anti-parasitic treatment of patients with hookworm infections

A

Iron therapy (they usually present with microcytic anemia)

104
Q

Differentiate the buccal spears of Necator and Ancylostoma.

A

Necator have dorsal and ventral cutting plates while Ancylostoma have 4 sharp tooth-like structures

105
Q

Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a football/Japanese lantern/barrel-shaped egg with bipolar plugs

A

Trichuris trichiura

106
Q

Nematode: Kato-katz technique reveals a peanut-shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs

A

Capillaria philippinensis

107
Q

Smallest of intestinal nematodes

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

108
Q

This nematode is capable of producing hyperinfection in immunocompromised hosts.

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

109
Q

What is the most debilitating nematode infection?

A

Filiriasis

110
Q

What is the only nematode that involves a migratory bird in its life cycle?

A

Capillaria philippinensis

111
Q

DOC for pinworm infections

A

Pyrantel pamoate

112
Q

DOC for threadworm infections

A

Ivermectin

113
Q

What is the infective stage of W. bancrofti and B. malayi?

A

L3 larvae

114
Q

What is the most common cause of parasitic meningitis?

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

115
Q

What is the most debilitating nematode infection?

A

Filiriasis

116
Q

What is the only nematode that involves a migratory bird in its life cycle?

A

Capillaria philippinensis

117
Q

DOC for pinworm infections

A

Pyrantel pamoate

118
Q

DOC for threadworm infections

A

Ivermectin

119
Q

What is the infective stage of W. bancrofti and B. malayi?

A

L3 larvae

120
Q

What is the most common cause of parasitic meningitis?

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

121
Q

What is the most debilitating nematode infection?

A

Filiriasis

122
Q

What is the only nematode that involves a migratory bird in its life cycle?

A

Capillaria philippinensis

123
Q

DOC for pinworm infections

A

Pyrantel pamoate

124
Q

DOC for threadworm infections

A

Ivermectin

125
Q

What is the infective stage of W. bancrofti and B. malayi?

A

L3 larvae

126
Q

What is the most common cause of parasitic meningitis?

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

127
Q

The causative arthropod of scabies.

A

Sarcoptes scabei

128
Q

Diagnostic stage of W. bancrofti and B. malayi.

A

Microfilariae

129
Q

DOC for Filiriasis

A

Diethylcarbamazine

130
Q

Visceral larva migrans in preschool children and ocular larva migrans in older children and young adults is caused by this dog roundworm.

A

Toxocara canis

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